Baskerville

Post-modernism was “a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific, or objective, efforts to explain reality” (Public Broadcasting Service, n.d.). It can be suggested that reality is something that we each create and possess individually. Morimura took a work from the late 1500’s and changed it to fit his personal intentions and interpretations. It embodies post-modernist devices, such as stereotyping, the crossing of genre, and contemporary culture (Felluga, n.d.). By using these devices, Morimura transforms a work that could only seem applicable to the venerable and religious, to a work that is easily recognized and applied by the general public. He transforms the work from Bruegel’s reality to his own, in endeavour to resolve it. It is thought that appropriation is unoriginal, or possess aspects of plagiarism and negligence. However, the use of appropriation to give old works new meaning is justified in the sense that it allows the build-up and corroboration of ideas, supporting the growth and change of value systems as times and realities

I selected Jean Pucelle, a miniaturist living in Paris, who created one of the most visually striking illuminated manuscripts of the 14th century, the Belleville Breviary. Originally created for Jeanne de Belleville, wife of Olivier de Clisson, the breviary (a religious book) consists of two volumes of 430 and 446 folios, respectively. David Before Saul (folio 24), as well as other illuminations in the breviary, featured fully modelled,

In the 1450s the first practical printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg. This invention was a major mile-stone in the evolution of human communication. In the (Background Essay) it notifies that “The idea wasn’t new. The Chinese introduced woodblock printing in 600 CE.” This exploration inspired Gutenberg, and saw his chance to reform it into something even better. This made him ask himself “Why not metal letters that wouldn’t wear out, set in a frame that could be inked, papered and pressed?” in the (Background Essay). The purpose of this essay is to explain whether the exploration or reformation of the printing press was the more important consequence.

In 1436 Johannes Gutenberg invented the Printing Press, which had a major impact on both the Renaissance and printing today, however there other movable type systems invented before Gutenberg’s Printing

Throughout time, there have been countless artists, designers and typographers that had the opportunity to make a bold statement, invent the next best thing or to engrave their name in the design industry for all eternity. Although ordinary people don’t realize a good design when they see it, they know it has attracted them somehow and they feel the need to ask and wonder how it came to be. Without question, Eric Gill has note ably revolutionized the type world. Without him there would be no benchmark for humanist typefaces; without Gill, there would be no Gill Sans, the font that will consistently be seen as a crisp, clean and readable font; as all typefaces should be. Despite for his one notorious face, he has created 11 typefaces, wrote

They created type faces that we use now that well known. One is my favorite which is for one of my favorites which is Hoefler Text, Archer, Requiem, and the very well known Gotham. There type has been found in very famous advertisements such as the Obama campaign which used Gotham, the Apple Macintosh, and museums such as the Whitney and Guggenheim. This is a very important type foundry due to the these are one of the types that been around for

Graphic design set its first roots in Germany in 1455 with the introduction of the Blackletter typeface and Johannes Gutenberg’s Gutenberg Bible. Coined as the godfather of printing Gutenberg helped to spread Blackletter in popularity. With the advent of Martin Luther’s New Testament, however, a schism was created between those that chose to use

Born 1692 in Cradley, England. According to britannica.com Caslon began his career as an apprentice to a gun lock and barrel engraver, he opened his own engraving shop in 1716, making tools for book binders and silver chasers. Caslon’s own background in engraving and metalwork was the ideal preparation for the cutting of letter punches, Each letter had to be cut by hand at first, Once complete, these punches were impressed into copper to make molds, known as matrices, that were used for the casting of type for printing, Mr. Caslon is regarded by many to be the greatest of English letter writers, William was the first major letter founder in London, according to identifont.com, Caslon types were modelled on Dutch type but were much more delicate and interesting, His typefaces were used for most important printed works from c.1740 to c.1800. Caslon type eventually made it to America and was used for the Declaration of Independence, also the American Constitution. Caslon's success virtually stopped the importation of Dutch types, upon which English printers had relied for so long. Prior to his first specimen book Caslon published a broadside specimen sheet in 1734. Caslon's foundry stood in Chiswell Street and lasted almost two hundred years, continuously run by his descendants. William is buried at St Luke's in Old Street, a stone's throw from his foundry.

The typeface I chose for this research is Times New Roman. I like this typeface out of all the other. You can use this font in many different ads, magazine, books, and etc. this font was first evented in Times New Roman is a Transitional serif typeface designed by Stanley Morison and Victor Lardent. It was released through Monotype in 1931. The design was based off Plantin , but with a renewed focus on legibility and economy to better meet the needs of newspaper typography. Times New Roman is one of the most ubiquitous typefaces of the digital publishing age due to it being the default font for numerous word processing applications and web browsers. In Times New Roman's name, Roman is a reference to the regular style of a conventional serif font. Times New Roman was a metal type created in the late sixteenth century by the French artisan Robert Granjon

Johann Gutenberg was a German man, who’s parents owned a mint shop when he was a child. He most likely learned how to work with metal here. Books at the time were very rare. Because there was no such thing as printing, monks had to copy books by hand which often took longer than a year and included mistakes made by the monks. Most of the books were only available to monks and scholars. In Gutenberg’s spare time, he began working on the printing press. He made sure to keep the idea a secret too, he didn’t want anyone to steal it from him. To make the printer, Gutenberg had made metal pieces shaped into letters. Several of those letters were then pressed into a frame to spell out words, sentences and paragraphs. The letters, covered in ink would

some of the works we look to today when we speak of the development of the typography and printing fields. An influence to other well-known typographers such as Bodoni and Didot and printers such as Benjamin Franklin, Baskervilles’ works met with hostility in the English Isles. Baskerville was more than a typographer; he was an artist, printer and stonecutter. He developed his own inks and papers, seeking the perfect surface and substances for many of his endeavors including printing and japanning.

The earliest form of printing known is the application of signet stones. This was used in ancient times in Babylonia. Before The Gutenberg Bible, books were traditionally rendered by hand on scrolls. This technique was a feature of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilizations (“Printing”). Around the Middle Ages, monks rendered books with quill pens

Claude Garamond was born in Paris, France 1490. He began his career through obtaining an apprenticeship with a Parisian punch-cutter and printer, Antoine Augereau, a protestant printer and scholar whom is similar to Geoffroy Tory; which promoted the usage of human-oriented Europe’s Roman’s type instead of the Gothic black letters that popular among the French printers. When he was around 20 years old. During the early phase of the 16th century Garamond found that in order for the typography industry to function it needs the cooperation of various unique and multi-talented individuals, thus being able to create a well printed and bound book. The printers of this era were able and talented individuals that were able to master, if not all, most of the artistic or technical skills concerning the process of book production. This could range from type design to the fundamental of bookbinding. Claude Garamond became one of the few to specialize in punch cutting, type design, and type founding, which he display his skill in Paris to several famous publishers. After his fame became more evident in Europe, Garamond was commissioned by King Francois I of France to create a Greek typeface.

He also worked at freelance in London between 1972 up to 1979. He is a member of the German Design Council board and past president of the International Society of Typographic Designers (ISTD) and the International Institute for Information Design (IIID). He is also a professor at the University of the Arts in Bremen and he received an honorary doctorate from Pasadena Center of Art. As a typographer, he has made many accomplishments in his life such as being the founder of the following typefaces: FF Meta, ITC Officina, Lo-Type, FF Unit, Berliner Grotesk, FF Info and many more.

While he was printing books in Mainz, word was getting out all over Europe about how great this invention was. The letters were clearly legible from the metal types he used. Before he died, printing presses like the one’s he invented were being used all over Europe to spread the ideas of many other happy people.