There are many groups of people throughout the world, who have either managed to keep their system of values and traditions relevant or have been forced to conform to the modern ways of the region they inhabit. The Basque people are a group of indigenous that claim the foothills of the Pyrenees Mountains around the Bay of Biscay in northern Spain and southern France for thousands of years. Indigenous people are originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native. By analyzing and interpreting their language, communication, religion, transition to modernity, differences between french and spanish borders, and their history we will be able to better understand them. Throughout the years, advances in international thinking and action has been significant on indigenous rights and issues including the adoption to the UN declaration on rights of indigenous people in 2007.
There are several Basque provinces along the french and spanish border. Northern provinces include Labourd, Basse-Navarre, and Soule are in france, while the southern provinces are Navarra, Alava, Vizcaya, and Guipuzcoa which lie in spain (Ott 5). During the later half of the nineteenth century the Basque population was well over 1,000 people but currently consists of 376 people. Most people of this indigenous group like their forefathers are pastoralist and cultivate small farmlands scattered across the valley. . Although much of this tribes history is unverified it is said that they are
Jacob Levy’s article works to explore different areas of cultural rights and the ways in which we may change the way we do things depending on the minority culture of the community. He breaks down cultural rights into different categories: exemptions, assistance, self-government, external and internal rules, recognition/enforcement, representation, and symbolic claims. He gives certain examples about each category, with instances such as having multilingual ballots to ease the voting process for minorities (assistance) or having proper representation in the legislature process.
A Short History of the Basque Country Archaeological and ethnographic findings indicate that Basque [people] evolved from Cro-Magnon [...] in this area over a period dating from about 40,000 years ago until distinct features were acquired approximately 7,000 years ago. Two thousand years later the sheep, not native to these lands, was introduced and horse and cattle farming came into being, as shown by Adolf Staffe. These circumstances made it necessary for the people to travel periodically and cultural contacts were thus made. This period in the history of the Basque people can only make sense if it is studied in conjunction with the cultures of the surrounding areas, in the basin of the River
Every person on this planet has a set of beliefs and values that they implement into their daily lives, helping them understand the world, humanity, and themselves. This set of beliefs and values can be called a worldview. The worldviews and ways of knowing of Indigenous Peoples (in this paper, specifically Indigenous Peoples of North America) have existed for centuries, yet often they remain in juxtaposition with Western (in this paper, specifically Eurocentric) ways of knowing and Western worldviews. One way of knowing is reliant on science, order, and the
With globalization and colonization taking over almost the entire known world, native tribes who are indigenous to their lands are losing control of the lands that their people have lived in for ages to the hands of foreign colonizers who claim the land as their own. Now, indigenous people all around the world are struggling to reclaim the lands and rights that were taken away from them through non-violent social relations with national governments and large corporations. Anthropologists have recorded how indigenous people across the globe attempt to create relations with national governments to reclaim rights and lands that they once had before the colonization of their ancestral homeland.
In concluding, the indigenous people’s lives were altered extensively with the economic, religious, political and social changes imposed in the 16th century by the Spaniards. As such, it can be safely concluded that ‘after the establishment of settlements
is a social movement dedicated to empowering individuals and communities, providing resources, raising awareness, celebrating, and increasing independence, seeking to help further autonomy, empowering individuals and communities, pushing environment and economic responsibility, and increasing dynamic, transparent, and open governance. Their goal: to share this idea with the 15 million inhabitants, spread sponsorship, services, resources, and support, allowing everyone and anyone to be their own agent to change around important issues. The region (and those who make it up) advocate towards an autonomous, resilient, self-sufficient, responsible, and accountable
The concept of indigenous sovereignty is the most debated and contested subject among Indigenous academicians and politicians. To further expand the concept and understand indigenous sovereignty, Aileen brought a new insight and perspectives through the lenses of sociological thought. The Judicio-political is a commonly used approach by many theorists on indigenous sovereignty. In this respect, the author sought to challenge the concept of indigenous sovereignty situated within the Judicio-political framework and the overall epistemological foundation upon which it is built.
The injustice surrounding the Indigenous populations in Mexico and Central America began with the Spanish colonies in the sixteenth century, and the struggle for their land and constitution rights has been an ongoing battle for hundreds of years. The indigenous people take up a large part of the population in Mexico and Central America. (See Table 1; Graph 1 below). Indigenous people make up of over 16 percent of the Mexican population, and over 66 percent of the population is indigenous in Guatemala. The historical reality of the indigenous peoples in Central America has been one poverty, eviction from their land, political violence and mistreatment at the hands of
In its attempts, the Spanish seized Indian lands and failed to uphold their responsibilities to the Indian population. In Defense of the Indians, De las Casas’ analyzed that the Native Americans were free men naturally in spite of performing human sacrifices and supplementary customs. Native Americans deserved the same attention as the colonists.
Just across the Strait of Gibraltar is Morocco in North Africa. Spain has 498,980 sq km of land and 6,390 sq km of water making it the 52nd largest country in the world. Spain has tons of plains, mountains and beautiful coastlines. All of Spain typically has very hot summers and cold winters. Their natural resources consist of coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc and uranium. Land usage consists of 54.1% of agriculture land and 36.8% of forest. Barley and wheat are the major crops of Spain while rice is also grown. It is worth mentioning that because Spain is one of the largest producers of wine, grape growing is very important and prominent throughout northern Spain (Encyclopedia
In the peer-reviewed journal, “Indigenous Peoples and Multicultural Citizenship: Bridging Collective and Individual Rights,” Cindy L. Holder and Jeff J. Corntassel discuss the revaluation, problems, and restrictions of existing human rights instruments while examining the liberal-individualist and corporatist perspectives. This journal was written in response to the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was “ …. a milestone for universal legal protection of individuals” (Holder and Corntassel 126). When the existing human right means were reexamined due to the anniversary, there were several problems that arose. First, there is the absence of promoting universal acceptance of group rights when compared to
Each individual makes up the society as it is, and various characteristics and beliefs makes up an individual. Although, individual lives together with a variety of personal ideologies, emotions, cultures, and rituals, they all differentiate one person from the other making up one’s own identity. This identity makes up who one is inside and out, their behaviour, actions, and words comes from their own practices and values. However, the profound history of Indigenous people raises question in the present about their identities. Who are they really? Do we as the non-native people judge them from the outside or the inside? Regardless of whether the society or the government were involved in their lives, they faced discrimination in every
The Basques are considered to the be oldest ethnic group located in Europe. It is believed that the Basques had inhabited the southwestern corner of Europe before the Indo-Europeans settled in the same area. The Basques have survived invasions by the Romans, Visigoths, Arabs, French, and Spanish. During the Middle Ages, several parts of the Basque territory were seized by Spaniards, Gascons, and Catalans. All of the Basque territories was divided between France and Spain by the year 1876. Today, some Basques still seek independence from Spain and France. The name Basque Country was given to describe the Basque autonomous community. The Basques are found predominantly in the northwestern part of Spain and the southwestern part of France. More
This webpage outlines the discussion of the 2014 United Nations (UN) world conference on indigenous peoples. It brings together in succinct detail the outcomes and objectives, promoting the implementation and advancement of Indigenous peoples rights. The Human Rights Commission mentions only the UN which could suggest bias. However, the UN is made up of a multitude of organisations and governing bodies that give the source authority.
Indigenous people are those that are native to an area. Throughout the world, there are many groups or tribes of people that have been taken over by the Europeans in their early conquests throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, by immigrating groups of individuals, and by greedy corporate businesses trying to take their land. The people indigenous to Australia, Brazil and South America, and Hawaii are currently fighting for their rights as people: the rights to own land, to be free from prejudice, and to have their lands protected from society.