Battle Of The Marne Essay

The landing of the troops for the Gallipoli Campaign was a disaster. This was completely ineffective and cost many ANZAC lives. The original landing locations, such as ANZAC cove were thin strips of beach, with minimal room for the soldiers. Additionally steep cliffs backed the beach which made it extremely difficult to fight the defending Turks, who were located

It shows the harsh and terrible conditions, which the Australian troops, experienced, whilst in the trenches. “Great, sleek, corpse-fed rats ran in squads between our legs” depicts the dirty conditions of which, the Australians experienced, where sixteen per cent died from typhoid, dysentery and gastroenteritis. This was the major cause of death in Australian troops. In the winter the weather would get down to below zero. There were reports of Australians toes falling off, after freezing and contracting gangrene. This would occur when the trenches were filled with mud up to their ankles in a trench two metres wide and 2 metres high. When the Australians arrived at the Western front, the first thing they saw were the lines of wounded soldiers being taken to the rear. As they got closer, they could feet the earth shake, and hear the constant ‘crump’ of artillery shells. This was known as trench foot and not uncommon in Australian soldiers. George states, “It is one of the things Kipling forgot to tell us” differing much from what they had expected the war to be like. The hard work and enduring sacrifices that they made in these harsh conditions evaluates the contribution of Australian soldiers to the Western Front

The First Battle of the Marne was the first major battle of World War I. Fought in September of 1914, the battle marked the end of the German advance toward Paris and the beginning of trench warfare. The battle exhibited a number of firsts in the history of warfare, motorized movement of troops and interception of radio communications. It indicated that the war would not be a quick victory for Germany (Klein, 2014). Joseph Joffre, the French Commander in Chief, exhibited ingenuity and leadership to yield a significant victory while the Helmuth von Moltke the younger, the German chief of staff, demonstrated a failure of mission command resulting in defeat.

The Allies identified five separate beaches for the invasion of Normandy. The Americans would assault the two beaches in the west, named Utah and Omaha. In the east, British and Canadian forces would assault Gold, Juno, and Sword Beaches. Airborne units would be deployed to land on the flanks of Utah and Sword beaches. The main objectives planned for the first day would be to consolidate the beaches into one beach head, secure the main avenues of travel to and from the beaches, and secure the city of Caen. The following days would include fortification and expansion of the beach

The ANZAC Legend ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those forces quickly became known as ANZACS, and the pride they soon took in that name endures to this day. The ANZAC legend began with the landing at Gallipoli on April 25 1915, signaling the start of the disastrous Dardanelles campaign on the Turk Peninsula. This campaign saw thousands of ANZAC fatalities before its conclusion in January 1916.

New weapons and defensive techniques were implemented here, a huge turning point for battle tactics and causes of death for the remainder of WW1. Hazardous gases were used alongside new machinery such as military tanks to form a stronger defensive stance, and although trenches were used in Gallipoli warfare, they became increasingly more popular in attacking techniques at the Western Front. The major Battle of Fromelles was also a great struggle for Australian soldiers as their enemies held higher grounds where possible, and there was little experience in working the artillery fire as it was the first ever battle for the AIF (Australian Imperial Force). Additionally, the Australian troops were placed majoritively on the front line at all times by the British. This accounted for the large number of losses and sacrifices of the ANZACs at the Western Front battles compared to the soldiers of other nations who also fought alongside the British. A quote from Lieutenant Hugh Knyvett, 59th Battalion, 15th Brigade (1916) expressed the great hardships that the soldiers were soon to face on the Western Front, unprepared and inexperienced. Knyvett is a credible source as he was one of the soldiers who fought on the Western Front, and was a Lieutenant during these battles. Knyvett says: “We had not been two days in the trenches before we knew that we were destined for an attack on the trenches opposite and we had not had time even to know the way about our own lines” (Wilkinson 2011). In addition, a letter sent home by John Alexander Raws, a credible SA Soldier who also took part in WW1 (1916) furthermore displays what hardships presented itself on the Western

The Battle of Gallipoli, also referred to as The Gallipoli Campaign of 1915-16 or the Dardanelles Campaign, was a decisive battle in World War One during which Allied Powers attempted to take control over the sea route between Europe and Russia. Overall, the battle is largely considered a failure. There were many forces that acted against the Allies during the campaign, main causes of the loss were the repelling of the initial naval attack, the failure of the invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula by the British, French, and ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps), and the high level of resistance from the Turks, and an extreme lack in planning

“A successful military operation against the Gallipoli peninsula must binge upon the ability to fleet…. To dominate the Turkish defences with gunfire and to crush their field troops during that period of helplessness while an army is disembarking, but also to cover the advance of the troops once ashore” This source describes that plan of the attack, and how the operation was successful during the Gallipoli.

Also the anzacs were forced to cling on to the side of a cliff with the sea at their back and with the Turkish Army covering higher ground and in full control.

The Battle of Fromelles was a British Military operation to stop the strong Germany 6th division from travelling south to where the British had a strong 4th division . The plan was a feint to send the British 61st division and the Australian 5th division to try weaken the German army.

On 25 April 1915, during the First World War, the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) landed on the Gallipoli peninsula as part of the 70,000 strong Anglo-French operation against Turkey to capture the Dardanelles. Over one million men were involved in the ill-fated Gallipoli campaign which lasted eight and a half months. Of the 44,070 soldiers who were killed during the campaign, 8,000 were Australian. It was the first time that Australians went into combat as Australians, giving Australia a sense of identity and a place in the world.

The landing at Anzac Cove was set to send the 1st Australian Division ashore first. Their task was to establish strong points on Gun Ridge, and the purpose behind this pass the 3rd Infantry Brigade in order to facilitate their capture of the remainder of Gun Ridge. Then, with the capture of Gun Ridge, the 2nd Infantry Brigade would execute a forward passage of lines to capture of the high ground of Sari Bair. Looking at this action through the lens of mission command, it is a

The British went into the Somme with a mixed attack plan, which led to an unsuccessful first assault resulting in a battle of attrition. The opening day of The Battle of the Somme resulted in near 60,000 casualties for the British, the largest in British military history for a single day. Originally the Somme was supposed to be a French dominated offensive, however the Germans attacked to the South in Verdun occupying the majority of French troops. The British were then thrust into control of the offensive, leaving Sir Douglas Haig and General Rawlinson to arrange an offensive strike against the Germans. Haig advocated for the use of infantry including foot soldiers as well as cavalry to lead the offensive. Rawlinson countered with a bite and hold strategy, which involved fortifying a strong defense and warding off German counter attacks. Rather than committing to one strategy, the two were combined in order to create a week-long bombardment followed by an offensive attack on foot.

World War I (1914-1918) was considered the 'Great War' and Australia’s Gallipoli campaign has always been considered as the pinnacle of the Australian military feats. This is due to the constant glorification of the event despite the fact it was an unmitigated failure. However, the work of the Australian army force in the most important battleground of WW1 the 'Western Front' is often cast under the shadow of Gallipoli. The battles on the Western Front took place in France, Belgium and parts of Germany and this is where some of the most pivotal battles were fought. The contribution and success of the Australians will be assessed through the analysis of several sources related to four major contributions related to the Western Front. These include the amount of Australians involved, the external opinions of Australia in the Western front, The Battle of

The weather was different to what the soldiers were used to back under the hot Australian sun. Half way through the year the weather became hot. Plagues and diseases carried by fleas and flies, were spread around. Soldiers/Troops that arrived in perfect health conditions, were very soon seen developing and suffering from from health problems; dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and infestations of lice. Water was supplied from Egypt, but it was never enough, therefore it was near impossible to keep clean, and stay hygienic. Germs, plagues and diseases were spread due to the lack of cleanliness. Toilets were large, deep holes in the ground. By October, troops experienced the harsh,bitter winter cold. This poor lack of hygiene, led to around 20% of the men sick from diseases. During the war the ANZACs had to face terrible conditions, from the constant noise of machine guns, bullets, cramped and dirty places, hunger, thirst, tiredness, deaths of soldiers, diseases, smell, unsanitary food.