Battle of Calabria

Strategically for the allies, the North African campaign was very significant. Britain had retained control of Egypt and the Suez Canal; important as it provided a quick route to India and the Far East where allied forces were fighting the Japanese. This was particularly important as Singapore had already been lost in the Far East. The allies held the Middle-Eastern oil fields and supplies and denied Germany any access. The shortages of resources on the Axis

The commanders of the Axis powers signed their surrender treaties as thirsty men. If a lack of petrol did not lose them the war, it certainly shortened if for them. As the Second World War was the first to incorporate planes, tanks and diesel powered warships on such a large scale, it is not surprising that oil was of massive importance. However, this essay will show that for the Axis powers, oil was not only a logistical necessity. But also a decisive factor in declarations of war, strategic decision making, objectives of campaigns as well as battlefield tactics. For readability, I will discuss

The development of the allied military strategy in World War II (WWII) presented challenges for the U.S. and Great Britain as they worked together to defeat the Axis powers. First, this paper will review the environment at the time of WWII when Admiral Stark penned the “Plan Dog” memorandum and MAJ Wedemeyer’s War Defense Team put together the “Victory Plan”. Next, it will look at the advantages and disadvantages of coalition operations with supporting examples. Then, a review of two major meetings between U.S. and Great Britain will identify what strategic decisions were made and the effects they have on the war. Finally, this paper will explore the foundations of strategy (Clausewitz and Sun Tzu) by which the allied forces used and

Even through the bias, Roosevelt’s Papers provides insight to the problems the Allied powers faced during the Battle of Crete. The information pointed out what went wrong, what went right and how the Allied Powers

The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy.

Eisenhower did not ensure close proximity between subordinate commands to support planning, integration, and coordination. He never offered or seriously promoted a clear, much less bold, commander’s intent for the operation or an operational end state beyond the capture of Sicily. The committee style of operational planning Eisenhower conducted failed to plan for the possibility of an Axis evacuation of Sicily, and he failed to develop a plan to trap the Axis Forces in Sicily. Once in the fight, Eisenhower never exerted the control over his subordinate commanders necessary to direct them to stop the German evacuation of Sicily. This perhaps changed the trajectory of the war. If the Allies captured the 15th Panzer DIV in Sicily, this weakens the Axis capability to defend Italy possibly, providing the Allies an avenue of approach to Southern Germany in 1943.

The Battle of Anzio was a good plan executed poorly, which led to a stalemate resulting in one of the highest concentrations of field artillery in history. The Battle of Anzio or Operation Shingle would turn into a bloody stalemate lasting nearly four months. The Battle of Anzio happened during World War II. World War II was the largest, most destructive war ever fought. Fought all over the world, World War II resulted in an estimated fifty to seventy million deaths. (Gibson) World War II began in Europe when Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Upon the invasion of Poland, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. Battles would rage for the next two years before America entered the war when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and immediately following the attack Germany declared war on the United States.

a. Hypothesize why the Battle of the Atlantic would become the longest and one of the most important campaigns of the Second World War.

This paper focuses on World War 2. This battle was between the the Axis Powers, which

So when Italy joined World War II in June 1940, it was able to swiftly spread the war to North Africa using

The people of Carthage were a successful trading civilization when their interests began to conflict with Rome’s (“The Roman Republic”). Three bloody wars were fought between the two sides, known as the Punic Wars (“The Roman Republic”). The first war was over the control of trade in the western Mediterranean Sea (“The Roman Republic”). A second war started when a Carthaginian general named Hannibal successfully invaded Italy (“The Roman Republic”). Though he handed Rome a crushing defeat, he was unable to take Rome itself.

German forces occupied much of Europe and taking back to the territory would require a massive assault, which the allies were not prepared for. In addition, the allies promised they would open up a second front on Europe to relieve pressure on the Soviets. This was Canada’s longest campaign in WW II, resulting in 26, 000 Canadian casualties. From Sicily, Canadians fought in scorching heat over mountainous terrain advancing 240 km, eventually causing the Italian and German forces to retreat to the Italian mainland. This secured the Mediterranean Sea for Allied shipping. After the fall of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was overthrown and the new Italian government surrendered to the Allies. The German army fought the Allies as they moved up the Italian mainland.

In addition the Roman army’s naval warfare was incredibly advanced. Throughout all of Roman history Roman ships were propelled by sails and rowers. These giant warships were not only used to ram into other ships, they were also used to transport troops to other lands. In order to ram other ships, the Romans wrapped bronze around the tip of the ship then ram the bow of the Roman’s ship into the side of the enemy ship. This tactic of ramming the enemy ship with the bronze-tipped front of the ship was not the Romans’ invention, rather it was the Greeks that had first used this tactic, and the Romans knew this was a fantastic tactic on the grounds that it had worked in the past. Sadly, the Romans barely had the opportunity to use their naval warfare tactics as the greater amounts of their battles happened on land. Therefore the ships and naval warfare tactics were mostly used for defending Italy from the sea.

Incessant Warfare In the 14th century, the northern Italy was divided into many conflicting city-states. The most powerful of these city-states were Milan, Florence, Pisa, Siena, Genoa, Ferrara, Mantua, Verona, and Venice. The Medieval Italy was then divided by a long battle for supremacy between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy.

Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter, as well as an architect and writer. Vasari was born on July 30, 1511 in Arezzo, Italy, he died on June 27, 1574 in Florence, Italy. Vasari is widely regarded as the “father of art history”.