Behavioral And Emotional Aspect Of Human Thinking

A key philosophy of Beck’s cognitive theory of emotional disorders (Beck, 1967; 1976) relates to emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, being maintained through distorted thinking, sometimes known as cognitive distortions (CDs). These CDs can be recognised at surface level as negative automatic thoughts (NATs) that process in an individual’s consciousness. Therefore an individual with an emotional disorder will interpret an event in a negative manner, thus perceiving the situation as a threat or in a detrimental way. These distorted thoughts or NATs are supported by assumptions in the memory known as underlying beliefs (Wells, 1997).

This discussion will focus on REBT diverse from psychoanalytic therapy in that REBT utilize rational rearrangement to alter illogical thoughts that cause psychological problems (Wedding and Corsini, 2008). REBT treatment approach assumes that the person’s thought is the primary source of their situations/life within the here and now. Therapy is brief, intending to help individuals unlearn negative perception and unhelpful thoughts/reactions and learn new ways of reacting to the issues. REBT, The person who is suffering from anxiety, also is issue homework (Frew & Spiegler, 2008). He or she write what brings on the anxiety, what he or she was doing when the anxiety started. . Whereas, psychoanalysis emphasizes on guiding the person’s unconscious into the conscious realm to gain greater self-knowledge. REBT differentiates itself as a calming approach, which comprises a broad variation of methods that can utilize with children (Frew & Spiegler, 2008). Therapy is brief, compared to psychoanalysis, where therapy is long term, often over some years, with several sessions each week. REBT does not do an in-depth delving into the person’s background as in psychoanalysis where the therapy, probe

According to Hayes, emphasis shifted towards exploration of one’s interpretation of the world and interpretation of emotionally relevant situations, and shapes experience. This second generation of developments included rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) developed by Albert Ellis, and Beck and colleagues’ cognitive therapy.

In order to evaluate whether modern behavioural therapies can help a client accept the uncertainty of their future, I am going to look in detail at two Modern Behavioural therapies, REBT – Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy and CBT – Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to ascertain their use in therapy with a client.

“That thoughts can lead to emotions and behaviour; and that emotional disorders arise from negatively biased thinking (which lead to unhelpful emotions and behaviours); and that emotional disorders can be helped by changing such thinking” (Curwen.B, 2000).

In the Bodenheimer book, the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), is described as unlearning negative impulses of an object. For example, the feeling of self and the environment around us. The relearning of positive perception of self and surroundings develops a positive outcome. If an individual overreacts, this could cause cognitive distortion (Bodenheimer, 2016, p. 67). To illustrate, Ree’s cognitive distortion of mistrust to her uncle Teardrop.

Beck named his model Cognitive Therapy, and Ellis called his model Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) (Geldard et al., 2013, p. 42). Both therapies focus on incorporating rational thinking and actions into changing human behavior within the context of the social environment (Early & Grady, 2017, pp. 39-40). The assumption for both theories is "maladaptive reaction patterns can be unlearned" (Beck, 2016, p.777). Aaron Beck Aaron Beck believed a person's belief system and expectations are connected to emotional well-being, and irrational beliefs lead to maladaptive behaviors (Beck, 2016, p. 776).

Presented with the behavioral treatment the Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). The REBT will concentrate on several causes and result processes normally seen people with bias thinking, erratic decisions and a fickle conduct (My Unique Student Experience, 2017). A person must assume responsibility for his or her action, regardless of past problems. And, the REBT suggest on helping clients iron out their unrecognizable and misrepresented thinking. The predisposed why that see their problem. If given, permission by the client, along with his or her family or significant other. In a professional manner,

Aaron Beck’s research on depression resulted in the development of an approach known as cognitive therapy. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) was being developed at the same time as REBT, however both the approaches function independently. The commonality REBT and CBT is that both are action oriented, directive and time- limited approaches that requires the client explicit identification of problems and situations. There were important underlying reason for the development of CBT is a need for phenomenological approach in psychology. That is, an approach that emphasises on the individual’s view of the self in relation the external world influences his/ her behaviour (Nelson – Jones, 2011).

Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) is a process by which the counselor actively challenges their client 's cognitive negative mental processes and destructive behaviors. (Gladding, 2000) Within this framework, using Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy will help the client restructure his irrational thought processes. Empirical evidence suggested by Albert Ellis who developed CBT, shows that cognitive restraining added to conventional desensitization procedures appears to be more rapid and durable. (Lazurus, 1974) This meaning, that CBT work in therapy can be resiliently effective for the individual. After initially reviewing Terry’s mutually agreed treatment plan, the counselor will then utilize strategies to work with the client over a number of sessions such as strategies in REBT work. “Clients in REBT may express some negative feelings, but a major goal is to help them avoid more of an emotional response to an event than is warranted. (Gladding, Wienrach, 2001)

An actuating event could be real or imagined, which is significant because, as mentioned above, REBT uses the presupposition that it is not events which disturb clients, but rather their perception of events. Much of REBT therapy is helping a client distinguish actuating events from consequences, and disputing irrational beliefs through detection, discrimination, and debate (Sharf, 2012). For example, a client who blames his heavy drinking on poverty by claiming, “I can’t afford to do much else than stay at home

An ‘A-B-C’ model has been put forward to explain this process (see Ellis, 2008), which has been revised and extended to form an ‘A-B-C-D’ model (Froggatt, 1993). (A) represents the activating event, (B) is the belief about the event, and (C) represents the emotional and behavioural consequences following the beliefs. Often people hold irrational beliefs about specific situations that result in various distressing experiences. REBT helps to break down this experience into a pragmatic process of change. The essence of the change process is (D) - disputing the validity of the core beliefs that is held by the client. Successful disputation, usually by the therapist, leads to a new affect and this can lead to a new and more appropriate feeling, thus a new personal philosophy (see Ellis, 1994, pp. 78–79). This model of therapy is framed within an obvious philosophical commitment to ‘rationality’ (Watson & Culhane, 2005).

The core belief of RBT is: ‘We are disturbed not by things, but by the views that we take of them.’, which means that we are disturbed not by thing or event itself but by how we feel about it our emotion. The founder of REBT believes, that we need to change our belief system in order to deal with emotional

Corey (2009) defined REBT as, “the active, directive, time-limited, present-centred, structural approach used to treat various disorders such as depression, anxiety and phobias”. In general, REBT can be defined as a theory that renders the role of cognitions, emotions and behaviour as

Ellis stated the genesis of REBT theory back to ancient Greece. REBT theory is one type of cognitive-behavior therapy. According to Ellis, REBT theory is the oldest and most prominent among all cognitive-behavior