Behavioral Health Technician

516). Many experts criticized Cade’s research because of the deaths caused by the negative effects of lithium. To clear up this belief, Cade tested the lithium on himself - which came out to be safe. The next approach was to conduct a study on humans with mania, melancholia, and schizophrenia. “The effect on the patients with mania was dramatic: the first patient to be given lithium had long been the most troublesome on the ward,but he settled down within three weeks and was able to leave hospital 12 weeks later” (Mitchell & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2000, pg. 516). The substance had no effect on melancholic and schizophrenic individuals. The study became more accepted when Schou and his co-worker Poul Christian Baastrup administered a study to establish that lithium carbonate was safe and effective on bipolar individuals. Lithium was eventually approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1970 as an antimanic drug for bipolar disorder. “Lithium was the first specific psychotropic medication,predating the neuroleptics by several years and the antidepressants by almost a decade” (Mitchell & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2000,

of the study is to determine the benefits and safety of the drug called Liraglutide in patients with

Lamotrigine use in bipolar disorder patients is in order to increase the periods of when they are not within mania or depression,

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug that has been approved by the FDA; it is used for the treatment of epilepsies and for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Unlike other conventional antidepressants, lamotrigine can be used for treatment of major depression without inducing mania (17, 59). Lamotrigine is less effective in the treatment of acute mania or acute depression, however it is found to be effective in delaying the onset of mania (60). Several studies has shown that lamotrigine in combination with conventional

Unfortunately the neurobiology in relation to lithium treatment is not well understood and most of the research on it is primarily speculative and theoretical, and in-turn does not offer much insight. Although, the great efficacy of this treatment does not come without a price, lithium has a very thin line between therapeutic effect and toxicity. Blood levels must be check regularly to make sure that the lithium is within therapeutic levels to avoid lithium poisoning (Jann M. W., 2014).

The commercial of Latuda is very persuasive and informative. It provides all the necessary information, which is needed to be aware of. Latuda is taken to get relief of bipolar depression. It is effective for many people who have taken the drug. The symptom of the drug is that patients suffer from bipolar depression. It’s an antidepressant drug, which reduces depression and makes you feel relaxed. Latuda can cause serious side effects, including stroke that can lead to death, which can happen in elderly people with dementia who take medicines like Latuda. The most common side effects of Latuda include sleepiness or drowsiness,

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Metabolic Profile of Lurasidone in the Treatment of Depression in Bipolar Disorder

The use of drugs can be the most efficient method of treating Bipolar disorder; different types of drugs have been successful in easing the main symptoms; Mood stabilisers, antipsychotics and anticonvulsant are the main treatment types used. Lithium Carbonate is a first-line treatment in bipolar disorder as it is a long-term method of treatment for episodes of mania, hypomania and depression. Lithium can often subdue symptoms when a patient is in the midst of a manic episode, and it may also ameliorate the symptoms of a depressive episode. The single most important use for lithium, nonetheless, is in preventing new episodes of mania and depression. Lithium’s mechanism of action on the brain is still unknown; However, It has been speculated

Lithium and antipsychotics are often prescribed concomitantly in clinical practice. While LIH is a rare occurrence, antipsychotic-induced akathisia is more prevalent with an incidence rate of up to 30% reported.9 Akathisia is a movement disorder typically characterized by an inability to sit still and/or inner restlessness, which includes rocking, pacing, and fidgeting.10, 11 The distress and subjective feelings of akathisia may be mistaken as symptoms of a patient’s psychiatric disorder. Frequently, psychosis may appear more evident during akathisia due to increased agitation.12 Psychiatric manifestations have also been

The experiment was to see if lamotrigine was effective on patients with bipolar disorder who had also gone through prior pharmacotherapy. The method of this study was done through a trail of 75 patients with bipolar disorder during a 48 week period, alongside the study being open-trail. 62 patients were bipolar type I, 11 were type II and two were unknown. Mean age of the study was 44 years. 60 of the patients used lamotrigine with other types of therapy and 15 of the patients one used lamotrigine. All patients had presented different states of bipolar disorder ranging from manic, depression, or hypomania. 40 patients were in a depressed state and 31 were either manic, hypomanic or mixed state. In terms of result, 48% of the depressed state patients stated they received noticeable benefits from the drug while another 20% stated they only received a moderate amount of benefits. 81% of the manic state patients however stated they received noticeable benefits while only an additional 3% received a moderate amount of benefits. These responses were measured with either the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or the Mania Rating Scale. Depressed patients in average saw a 42% decrease in the Hamilton scale, and in Mania there was an average of 74% decrease. (Calabrese JR1, 1999,

It is imperative for patients on bipolar disorder medications, to be aware of the toxicity level, side effects/adverse effects related to the drugs, and the importance to contact a physician in order to take necessary safety precautions. Also, patients need to be taught not to abruptly stop their medication (s) because of the withdrawal symptoms that can be produced and also because patients can relapse, avoid drinks that contain caffeine (that have diuretic effects), avoid alcoholic beverages and nonprescription drugs. For clients on lithium, it is imperative to eat a normal diet with normal salt because lithium can decrease sodium reabsorption which can lead to sodium deficiency. In contrast, low sodium intake leads to lithium retention, which could produce toxicity. Patients need to drink 1500-3000 ml/day or 12oz glasses of fluid because dehydration can raise the level of lithium in the blood. Patients also need to be aware that sweats can make a person to loose sodium. Also, patients need to be told to check their kidneys and thyroid frequently if taking lithium over a long period of time. It is important for clients to notify their doctor of any over-the-counter medication. Patients should get enough and regular sleep because irregularity in sleep pattern can precede, accompany or precipitate manic episodes, (Halter, 2016). Health care providers need to see to it that patients get comprehensive education regarding bipolar disorder and the treatments and the importance

There are not nearly as many treatments for bipolar disorder. In fact, there is only one treatment that seems to have lasting effects. This treatment uses therapy with a professional coupled with medications. “Antibipolar drugs, also called mood stabilizers, help steady the mood of those with a bipolar disorder” (Chapter 2, 2009). The advances in treatment are due to the discovery of lithium as a medication. This drug works extremely well to eliminate manic episodes and even help with the depression. The drugs

Lithium is a top choice for acute mania and for maintenance in ‘classic’ bipolar disorder. Because of its narrow therapeutic range, blood levels must be monitored; also heart and kidney function (EKG, blood and urine tests). Medications such as diuretics, that block its excretion require caution.

Lisa was a little girl that had some behavior’s problems and her parents looked for help of a psychologist. Lisa was five-years-old when she was diagnosed with hyperactive, violent toward to others, and self-destructive behavior. Under this diagnostic, the psychologist tried different methods available at that time, such as counseling, behavior modification techniques, Ritalin, and other drugs. However, the drug called lithium was the only medication that helped to control Lisa’s behavior problem. Lithium was a last option medication and the dosage was adjusted to manage Lisa’s behavior. Without the medicine, Lisa’s condition was dangerous to others and to herself, so it was necessary to take the medicine during five years. After five years, Lisa’s

Cade JF. Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. 1949. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(4):518-20.