Behavioral Plasticity Theory-Pierce 1993

The concept of self esteem is widespread in life. When it comes to academics and extracurricular actives people associate high self esteem is necessary for success. Society makes promoting self esteem an important goal. With that in mind, it is surprising that only recently scientific literature began providing insight into the nature of development of self esteem.

Philip H. Siegel, Augusta State University, USA David P. Franz, San Francisco State University, USA John O’Shaughnessy, San Francisco State University, USA

Self esteem and confidence can be developed by a manager giving good constructive support to a worker. This is then reflected by their performance in the workplace.

Melillo, K. D., Abdallah, L. M., Blanks, C., Campbell, I., & Herndon, L. (2012). Faculty

“An appreciation of the power of self-justification helps us understand, therefore, why people who have low self-esteem, or who simply believe that they are incompetent in some domain, are not totally overjoyed when they do something well.” (p..

Kroenke, David M. (2013). Using MIS (6th edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall.

Long-term potentiation refers to the steady increase in synaptic activity between two neurons which causes persistent strengthening of synaptic activity. Since memory formation is mainly dependent on synaptic strength, LTP seems to play an essential role in memory formation. Contrary to that, long-term depression causes a reduction in synaptic activity between two neurons, causing a decrease in synaptic activity. LTP and LTD are essential for normal functioning of the brain and balance in the ratio of LTP/LTD is needed for homeostasis. The levels and activity of LTP and LTD are majorly dependent on Calcium levels, Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase, NMDARs (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors) and AMPARs (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic

When someone has the confidence in themselves and what they are capable of accomplishing is called self-esteem. They have the notion that they can achieve any type of situations. They take on goals that are more on their level. Managers should have very high self-esteem so that they can acquire the desire to keep pushing forward when faced with problematic situations (McGraw-Hill, 2006).

The main barriers to the successful use of coaching can be caused by individual self-doubt. Hindmarch (2008) defines self-doubt as the negative feeling associated with evaluating one’s abilities and perceiving them as inadequate to carry out a piece of work effectively. Therefore, this barrier is a work related phenomenon which may affect performance at work in an adverse way. Leonardeli and Arkin (2002) found that when doubts about one’s abilities are not addressed, then damage to self-esteem can follow. This can develop into a negative evaluation of one’s self at a more profound level, and therefore potentially be more damaging. It seems that positive beliefs about oneself may augment performance. Taylor and brown (1985) indicate that excessively positive self-evaluation are characteristics of normal individuals that helps lead to

The idea of self is a significant part of every individual’s life. The way we visualise ourselves can be altered by feelings of self worth and self esteem and lead to a change or influence in the way we act. The evaluation of one’s attitude towards self can be seen to be improved by the individual believing they are worthy which could lead to a self fulfilling prophecy. The better-than-average effect can depict this theory by assessing individuals on their motivational bias and attributes (Brown, 2011). In this particular study, participants are given a questionnaire regarding ten traits, half of high importance and half of low importance. They were then told to rate these attributes on importance of possession. As predicted, the results show that the

The higher level of self-awareness an individual has, the more effective he has in work performance. Church’s finding in 1997 is also consistent with that research on managerial self-awareness. He reports that higher levels of managerial self-awareness are positively related to greater levels of individual effectiveness as rated by supervisors. Similarly, following Goleman (1995)’s research, self-awareness inadequacy can damage one person’s relationships and career (as cited in Whetten & Cameron, 2011).

In the interactive mission, Riverbend City: Social Cognition in the Workplace (Capella University, 2017), Jamie was struggling with her work commitments as a case worker. Based on the learner’s evaluation, Jamie is struggling with her self-esteem. Bordens and Horowitz (2002) shows of an individual gains a sense of their worth, but evaluating themselves in both a negative a positive way. For example, Jamie gives a positive evaluation of herself when it comes to her twin daughters. Jamie speaks strongly about how she ensures that are children are cared for during the week by ensuring they go to school on time and having her mother take care of them if they get sick. On the other hand, Jamie gives a negative evaluation of herself when it comes to not being organized at work and not being able to help

The Behavioral Learning Theory believes that behavior is learned from either the environment, the people in the individual's life, the media, or society as a whole. This theory contradicts the Biological theory, which states that criminals are "born to be bad" and that criminal behavior is inherited. The behavioral theory looks at the environment as well as society's impact on how an individual acts which might be the reason for criminal behavior. This theory blames the environment as well as the individual by saying it is a learned behavior and that it also was a choice they made. A basic assumption is that behavior is learned and modeled by individuals, groups, the media, and society as a whole.

Behavioral Learning Theories Most theorists agree that learning occurs when experience causes a change in a person's knowledge or behavior . Behaviorists emphasize the role of environmental stimuli in learning and focus on the behavior, i.e., an observable response. Behavioral theories are based on contiguity, classical and operant conditioning, applied behavior analysis, social learning theory and self-regulation/cognitive behavior modification. Early views of learning were contiguity and classical conditioning.

Esteem needs: According to Maslow, after satisfying social needs, employees often want to seek fulfillment of esteem needs. Self-esteem is comprised of self-confidence and self-respect whereas having esteem for other individuals is the respect one has for them. (Davidson 2005 p.307) When the performance of an employee is consistently rated high, that employee is often recognized for their superior performance. Once a manager rewards or promotes and employee, they often gain respect from their peers. This leads to employee being proud of themselves and intern gaining self-respect and self-confidence. “Employees often think that hard word leads to promotion opportunities. Having workers think that they can be promoted as a reward for hard work can be a motivator.” (Taylor, 2006 p. 8)