Being Somebody Else: Emotional Labour and Emotional Dissonance by Dijk and Kirk

According to Yin (2003), there are two types of research approach. This includes quantitative research approach and qualitative research approach. A quantitative research emphasizes on transforming the data to numbers, quantities and statistics to formulate facts and to uncover patterns in a research. It addresses research purposes through empirical analysis that involve numerical measurement, the relationship between variables and analysis approaches (Zikmund et al., 2010). The sample size being investigated is typically large (Anderson, 2006). Quantitative research mainly uses questionnaires, surveys and other equipment to collect numerical or measurable data (Anderson, 2006). On the other hand, a qualitative research typically emphasizes words more than numbers

Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. Research can be divided into different steps in order to understand the whole process more in depth. The first step towards conducting research is to observe. Consistst of the subject area of ones interest and following that subject area to conduct subject related research. The subject area should not be randomly chosen since it requires reading a vast amount of

Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and dependent variables, and the relationship between them. Research questions are categorized into two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non-numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature. Quantitative research on the other hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V.

The first step and rule of conducting research is that those who feel any sort of difficulty, they need to ask in order to sort out the difficulties they face in the process of conducting research. For example, if the researchers are conducting research on the usefulness of the difficulties, they also see the positive and negative aspects of the things.

Qualitative research method involves analysis on ‘quality’ of study object. Specifically, it adopts such approaches as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, as well as abstraction and generalization to process all kinds of materials obtained in order to eliminate all but the essential, discard the false and retain the true and proceed from the exterior to the Interior, thus reveal the essence along with inherent law. Qualitative analysis is majorly about the problem

According to the researchers that was interpreted some perspectives were new and some had a good results pertaining to service jobs and emotional labor. Brotheridge and Grandey (2002) Received more accurate results when they compared their research to Hochschild. Brotheridge and Grandey (2002) Hochschild (1983) proposed a list of emotional labor jobs invoke frequent customer contact and emotional displays controlled by the organization. However, Brotheridge and Grandey (2002) claimed Hochschild’s list to nonemtional labor jobs was not effective in predicting stress and burnout. Hochschild’s results of employees in high emotional labor grouping do not report significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion than do those in the low emotional labor grouping. Brotheridge and Grandey (2002) stated, Hochschild experienced these results because emotional labor is not a dichotomous variable; there could be a range of emotional labor demands and many different jobs have some level of these demands. Brotheridge and Grandey results were

This essay is in regards to emotional labour. If you had to work in a restaurant every day dealing with customers who are rude, angry, and have unreasonable demands, how would you feel? Frustrated? Angry? what would be your reaction? According to Brym and Lie, Emotional labour is emotional management that many people do as part of the job and which they are paid for (2015:77). This essay would cover an example of my personal experience in performing emotional labour. Also, it would cover one theoretical perspective in sociology which I would use to analyze the situation.

Hochschild, being the pioneer of this idea, has analysed just the adverse effect of emotional labour at the work environment however there exists evidence that observes the positive components of it too. Emotional labour requires showing a tremendous scope of feelings, from thinking to sensitivity, criticalness to friendliness, dissatisfaction to sympathy to anger and some more. It's also important to remember here that these feeling are shown independent of how the employee is being dealt with by the clients. Showing such a wide variety of feelings almost every day has psychological effects on service workers, more negative than

In my research, I am going to use the qualitative method design. This method will allow me to conduct my study by means of interviews, observations, field investigations, and questionnaires. Research is something you agree to explore and find responses. Research question is the initial step that activate the research. Connelly (2015) asserted that a research question emphasizes on the topic that is designed for study, who were under study, and what the researcher intended to learn about them. Research question must be answered by agreeing and deciding the appropriate way to respond to questions. Collection of information that satisfy the research is necessary; finally findings must be presented to others.

Research methodology is a way how the research is conducted step by step and in order. There are two methods used for data collection which is the primary data and secondary data. These data can be obtained and used many ways. The data is taken and analyzed in advance to produce a result that we can use for research and future reference. This study will relate to the objective we want to achieve and finding the answer to every objective we seek. In order to successfully achieve the objectives we seek, we must know

Research A and B, are different methodological approaches, therefore they both included their own advantages and limitations. Quantitative approach

In the past, emotions were mostly ignored in the study of organisational behaviour as suggested in (Putnam & Mumby, 1993). The workplace was then viewed as a rational setting, where emotions compromise sound judgment. Consequently, emotions were not even considered as descriptions for a real workplace occurrence. Today, modern findings contradict the older views as more researchers are finding how workplace emotions help to explain important individual and organisational results. Specifically, researchers are starting to explore how employers and employees manage emotions to improve work outcomes in different type of industries. For example, an employee can alter how he/she feels, or what feelings he/she shows, in order to interact with customers or clients in a more effective way and in relation to organisational procedures. Managing emotions for a salary has been termed emotional labour by (Hochschild 1983) and the term will be used throughout the report in when describing this phenomenon. Hochschild’s emotional labour theory deals with emotions, which employees feel or pretend to feel, in order for them to meet their job’s requirements, even though their true emotions might differ from what the target (the customer) perceives. There is a great interest for the study of emotional labour in the service industry and there are numerous empirical studies in which researchers have studied various service industries, such as health care (Lentz 1954), fast food

The selection of ineffective research approach can be considered as a limitation of the methodology. If the researcher cannot maintain time plan to conduct the research then it may hamper the role of appropriate research methodology. The lack of resources is also some problems to apply proper methodology in this research. The experience of the researcher is not satisfactory to conduct this research, which may affect on the research outcome negatively.

Defining Qualitative are dynamic they change because situations are not static and they having multiple realities, none of which is more valid or true than another. The purpose of qualitative methodology is to explain and get insight and understanding or description. By cautious and extreme literature review and data collection, which create hypotheses assumptions and the hypotheses are tested such inductive inferences develop while in contrast quantitative research methodology prevent relatively change in situation and events and it is depend on single reality which researcher ensure generalization and understanding. The aim of quantitative methodology in research is to predict the situation or event by the statistical testing of variables, whether they have correlation or not this is focused on numerical data such hypotheses are tested and develop deductive conclusion of the situation and event.

Qualitative research methods are utilized to study the social and cultural phenomena. So it includes observation, participant observation (field work), interview sessions, documents and texts and finally the researcher’s imitations and feedback. [Myers, 2009]