Belt And Road Initiative Essay

Imperialism, or the takeover of a weaker nation by a stronger one, of the 19th century left a scar across Africa as European imperialists destroyed the traditional African way of life. This imperialism transformed into its milder form, intervention - the involvement of foreign powers in another nation which results in stronger powers - when foreign powers established economic spheres of influence in 19th century China, and still exists today in the form of U.S. foreign policy on international trade. This lighter form of imperialism was actually beneficial to the countries as it brought economic expansion and improvements. This is why Imperialism in the 19th century was not justified because of its detrimental effects on a country’s culture

• Should Africa be wary of China’s continued investment across the continent? Who stands to benefit from this arrangement, and who stands to suffer?

Slade, J. (2010). Pros and Cons of the Legal Drinking Age. Duke University Research Blog. Retrieved from http://research.duke.edu/blog/2010/05/pros-and-cons-legal-drinking-age

In the late nineteenth century the European powers of the world began imperializing Africa. This annexation, occupation, and division of African territory has since led to much strife within the continent and has caused many struggles politically. This period known as the “Scramble for Africa” has led to the many problems that Africa faces today and has been the root of several wars in Africa to assume control. After World War II many European imperialists began to give African nations autonomy. This seemed like a step forward for African nations, but without any plan to transition into self governance many African nations have faced bloody civil wars and corruption. Along with political struggles, numerous African nations face rising debt and other economic problems. Many of these political and economic issues stem from the “Scramble for Africa”. Once the European countries left Africa had very little to support itself. To explain the issues left by imperialism the three African nations of Rwanda, South Africa, and Sierra Leone will be put under the scope.

First, Africa was finally given a place in the international community because of New Imperialism. For hundreds of years, an entire fifth of the inhabited Earth was excluded from the world’s most important decisions. But because of New Imperialism, they were able to

Modern African states have various problems ranging from corruption, to armed conflict, to stunted structural development. Africa’s ongoing political instability and economic crisis have hindered the improvement of Africa. Thus, the lack of money, advancement in technology, and climate has hampered economic development. Despite European mistreatment and oppression African’s have endured hardships that have encouraged economy, education, and political

The recent interactions of emerging and established states suggest that the existing standards of the current global economy are shifting. According to Stewart Patrick in his article “Irresponsible Stakeholders? The Difficulty of Integrating Rising Powers,” the United States must accommodate for emerging states within the global economy and refrain from enforcing their values of an open and liberal international economy in order to achieve effective cooperation. Similarly, Andrew Nathan and Andrew Scobell argue in their article “How China Sees America: The Sum of Beijingʻs Fears” that as China gains more influence within the global economy, the United States will have to respond appropriately to maintain its economic values. Both articles ultimately assert that

China economy experienced an incredible growth in the last few decades that made the country the 2nd largest economy in the world. When China started the program of economic reforms in 1978, it ranked 9th in nominal GDP but 35 years later it’s now ranked 2nd in the nominal GDP and been the world’s manufacturing hub. In recent years, China’s modernization propelled the tertiary sector and in 2013, it became the largest category of GDP with a share of 46.1%, while the secondary sector still accounted for a sizeable, 45% of the country’s total output. Meanwhile, the primary sector's weight in GDP has shrunk dramatically since the country opened up to the world.

In Susan Shirk’s book ‘Fragile Superpower’, the author illustrates that the multitude of internal problems that China faces and will continue to face could potentially undermine its peaceful rise. Although the Chinese people have experienced a major upgrade in their living standards in just twenty-five years, the Chinese economic transformation has not been without significant social and environmental costs. As a consequence of its economic transformation, China has developed a number of internal stresses, which have posed existential threats to its national economy and political structure. One of these stresses is a growing shortage of natural resources in China. One significant systemic level cause for the rise in Chinese developmental finance

Africa is an extremely vast land comprised of unimaginable wealth in natural resources, and an even richer history. Sadly its exiguous population, whom many believe to be the oldest in the world, is completely impoverished, underdeveloped and marred with limited and corrupt governance. The people of Africa have been the victims of cultural rape time and time again-by Arab slave traders, adventurous European explores who found that the African people are worth more than gold and forced them to pay with their soul, exploited by colonial “do-gooders”and ravaged by self-serving neighbors, just to name a few. Strategies of Western nations to help bring salvation to the African people from earth’s torture and misery, always seemed to fail. Therefore it’s hard to believe anyone in Africa had any hope left in them at all. For a good majority of African people China’s entry and immersion into their land couldn’t have come fast enough, yet there were many others, foreign and domestic whom only harbored suspicion, and doubt regarding their new colonizers and for good reason, history has not been kind. This essay will first explore the driving forces behind China’s immersion into Africa, next I will delve into explaining the differences in how Western nations and China are handling African problems. Next I will discuss the pros and cons of Chinas neo-colonization and conclude the essay with why I believe China is just a wolf in sheep’s clothing denying imperialistic objectives.

The major actors involved in the Chinese challenge include the US government, the Chinese Government, US and Chinese businesses, and the American Citizens. When analyzing the hierarchy of goals for the Chinese government, it is important to note that the Chinese Communist Party is not democratically elected. Their mandate to govern has been based on China’s strong economic performance. Above all else, it is crucial for the Chinese government to maintain its economic success. 29% of China’s GDP is composed of exports of goods and services.

The China Boom: Why China Will Not Rule the World, by Ho-fung Hung. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016.

Before covering French’s experiences within Africa, it is important to address the two types of influence that China exerts over Africa. This influence or way of controlling their interests within the country is initially subject to a time period during the late 20th century where much of Africa’s foreign policy

Collier is able to guide readers in the discussion presenting all the arguments on the topic. Most importantly, his outstanding writing ability makes the book fluent, easy to read, and truly engaging. The topic is never too heavy, and Collier is bale to answer reader’s questions, and eradicate orientalist misconception on the topic. In fact, in his analysis Collier shows that Africa should not be blamed alone, the west should be blamed too. He challenges different of the development approaches that foreign government and international institutions have adopted from the 20th century until now.

South Africa, unlike Zimbabwe, has a more mature and solid political system. Therefore, China has been more prudent in its relation with that country (Taylor 22). In the past, South African leaders were highly critical of the “Chinese-style communism” and “Maoism” which was spreading in South Africa calling for a total rejection of the country. However, China still got involved in the conflicts in Pretoria in 1973 as well as in the struggle against apartheid in order to build their relationship with South Africa (Taylor 135-139). While China was pushing for democratization in South Africa, it was