Bending of Beams Experiment Report

The goal of the beam project is to design and construct a beam that can hold a given amount of weight without breaking. The beam is required to hold a concentrated load of 375 lbf on the X-axis and 150 lbf on the Y-axis. The maximum allowable weight of the beam is 250 grams. The maximum allowable deflection for the beam is 0.230 in. and 0.200 in. for the X and Y-axis respectively. The beam is required to be 24 in. in length, and it will be tested on a simply supported configuration spanning 21 in. All calculations are to be done under the assumption that the density of basswood is 28 lbm/ft3 and the modulus of elasticity for basswood is 1.46x106 lbm/in2. Given the constraints of a spending cost of $10.50, a maximum beam weight of 250 grams,

The purpose of the Boomilever Project is to build a cantilevered truss that is light-weight while still able to support 15 kilograms. With this project it serves to reinforce the cumulative concepts that have been taught throughout this semester of Engineering Statics. It has been necessary to research designs, types of wood, and types of adhesive that will create a final result that is consistent with the

A simple beam bridge that is flat across and supported at the two ends. A longer beam bridge can be held up along the middle by piers standing in the river. The weight of the bridge itself, plus the load that it carries, plus gravity are the downward forces are spread evenly across the length of the bridge. The upwards forces that hold the bridge up come from the piers. The Confederation Bridge in Canada is a famous beam bridge.

in the xy-plane is equal to the radius (R) of the beam pipe, as shown in Fig.~\ref{beampipeconversion},

The first example of an external force is the static (dead) load, this refers to the gravitational forces acting on the bridge itself. Every structure has to be able to support the weight of its own materials in order for it not to collapse, this is before any live load is applied to it. Another example is dynamic (live) load which refers to traffic, from people or vehicles, which move across the bridge and apply additional weight to it increasing the magnitude of vertical forces acting on the bridge. But environmental factors such as changes in temperature, precipitation and winds can also create vertical and horizontal loads on the bridge. (Bagga

Each separate truss (of the dimensions 920x5x50mm) consisted of a Pratt truss with nine diagonal members on each side of the centre. The model was tested in sufficiently isolated condition by tutors. It successfully passed the initial weight test, and satisfactorily resisted horizontal forces. Once fitted onto the testing rig, loads were applied and increased incrementally. Slight deformation was observed before failing at 12.5 kg, at which force a collection of members failed in succession, concluding the test.

The Love-Kirchhoff hypothesis generalises the plane section assumption in beam theory; assuming the normal to the laminate remains normal to the deformed laminate and the normal undergoes no extension of shortening. Leading to:

In this experiment,we applied Newton`s first law of motion. It descripes the external force as the sum of all external force applied to the object, which equals zero in equilirbium. As we have seen in the experiment, to reach equilibrium all the forces applied on an object shoud cancel each other out and total force reaches zero.Using different forces and weights we were able to reach equilibruim ineach trial of this

In this experiment we tested the effect of change in arm length of the Trebuchet on the distance traveled of the projectile. We wanted to do this experiment due to our interests in engineering and our interests in the medieval era siege weaponry. We started by researching different types of Trebuchets and decided to go with the most modular and modern version. We decided to build a floating arm Trebuchet which uses the counterweight as the fulcrum. This allowed us to easily exchange the arms for testing. We built the Trebuchet using long 5.08cm x 10.16cm (2in x 4in) pieces of wood, four 4.54kg (10lb) weights, a single 1.27cm (1/2in) x 1.22m (4ft) piece of rebar, and a pouch made of paracord and duct tap. We tested this by building a Trebuchet

The beam-placing operates in two ways depending on where beams are delivered. On one condition, that beams are delivered on the ground level, lifting trolley will pick them up directly by both ends. On the other condition, that beams are delivered at abutment, by two trucks or other carriers at each side, the front trolley will pick up the front end of beams, then the front end of beams will be released from carrier; the front trolley moves forward, simultaneously with another carrier and beams, until the rear end of beams are at the same horizontal position of the rear trolley. The rear trolley will pick up the rear end of beams then, and once again the beams will be released from carrier. After the trolley getting the beams at deck level, the latter will be placed onto the bearings. To be specific on position control, trolleys move along the main girder/ main truss, and at other direction main girder/ main truss and move perpendicularly to span, and vertical position can be handle by trolley themselve by adjusting length of wires.

This report has been written to describe an experiment performed on a channel section examining the stiffness of the beam through two differing types of deformation – curvature and deflection. The aim of the experiment was to determine the value of the flexural rigidity (EI) in two different ways; using the curvature, k, and the mid-span deflection. The testing method used for the experiment is described. The experiment found that the EI values calculated were as follows: - EIcurv = 1.76E+10 Mpa.mm4 when calculated using the curvature, k. - EIdefl

Although these problems were corrected and the idea of building a skyscraper became a feasible task, there were many conditions that had to be taken into account, that did not need consideration when building a structure less than 40 stories tall. Four story buildings are supported by their own walls; however a new method needed to be created for skyscrapers since the previous building method would not provide enough support. Metal skeletal frames made of columns and beams were then developed to provide the support and strength needed for the skyscrapers. As the buildings grew taller, their structural design was made lighter and stiffer. Also, as the buildings grew taller, wind became an important issue. Normally, the force that acts on the skyscraper pushes directly downward towards the ground that would then counter balance that push. However, when an additional force acts on it, such as wind, the forces would act differently on the skyscraper. With a lateral force acting on the building, the steel columns of the frame on the windy side would stretch apart slightly while the columns on the other side would compress. Therefore, the skeletal frame built had to be made so that the structure would be free to move slightly with the wind and, at the same time, remain sturdy.

In the first part of the experiment, the fundamental quantities-length, mass and time were estimated simply by guessing. Even though it can be helpful sometimes to test a hypothesis, huge percentage errors in the measurements showed that human errors can be significant and therefore, we need more sophisticated techniques for more accurate measurement. For instance, using Vernier calipers is more precise than guessing the length or more accurate than the ruler.

Hypothesis: If one increases the length of a cantilever, one would expect there to be an increase in deflection/flexion of the cantilever. Similarly, if one increases the mass of the load, one would expect there to be an increase in the deflexion/flexion of the cantilever. In addition, I predict that proportionality will also occur

Following tables and graphs show the result of the experiment. The tables will demonstrate the experimental and theoretical deflection for each case. The graphs will show the relationship between the load applied and deflection, in addition to compare the experimental deflection and theoretical deflection.