Benefits And Concerns Of Predictive Genetic Testing

(Müller-Oerlinghausen, Berghöfer & Bauer, 2002). More importantly, It should be noted that controversy has arisen over the exact reasons individuals suffer from bipolar disorder, where it still remains somewhat unclear (Leahy, 2007). Although ambiguous, researchers have established that bipolar disorder results from a multifaceted interaction of genetic and environmental factors (Demjaha, MacCabe & Murray, 2011) in sum, several things are said to be correlated with origin and maintenance of Bipolar disorder. This literature review will examine the biopsychosocial model approach. Examining biological, environmental and psychological under pinning’s in the diagnoses and classification of mental illness.

The benefits of genetic science for society is for employers who want to know if their employers are in excellent working condition and if the worker will cause them more money when obtaining health insurance. If an employer hires someone that that is healthy then the cost of health insurance does not rise and the employee will not have to downgrade their health insurance plan so that they can accommodate the employee that is not healthy. The limitations of genetic science for society are the possibility of genetic testing causing safety issues at work, the development of a genetic low class, the breach of privilege and confidentiality, and the utilization of genetic bias to excuse different methods of discrimination (Krumm, 2002).

Genetic: Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, so researchers believe there is a genetic predisposition for the disorder. Scientists also are exploring the presence of abnormalities on specific genes.

Bipolar disorder is an often devastating mental illnesses, with high emotional, social and economic impact on the lives of patients and family members [Jin and McCrone, 2015; Miller et al., 2014]. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in developing diagnostic methods for reliably diagnosing severe bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder type I) and some related bipolar “spectrum” disorders (bipolar type II disorder), and there has also been recent progress in identifying some of the genetic loci (through linkage and association analyses) which contribute to severe bipolar disorder. Controversy remains, however, about the diagnostic borders of bipolar disorder, particularly in relation to schizophrenia and schizoaffective

Family studies that Zandi and his research team have begun to conduct are beginning to look promising. His team has identified the response of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which was laying in the gene PPARD of a specific chromosome. After finding the first SNP, researchers were able to match its response to another SNP which had previously been identified as a bipolar cohort. Evertually they were able to locate four more associated with bipolar disorder, all of which were located on a single haplotype block, a combination of SNP’s, on gene PPARD. SNP’s are differences between DNA sequences that allow for genetic variations among humans. SNP’s are extremely difficult to identify, however new technologies have led to more recent discoveries. In the near future, as we gain more knowledge about them, SNP’s will allow researchers to revolutionize their ability to detect diseases, and develop preventative and curative medicine.

Multiple psychiatric comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as anxiety, interfere with diagnosis and treatment and likely contribute to increased disease morbidity and mortality in general and to increased suicide risk in particular (Maletic, 2014). Bipolar disorder is also thought to have a genetic component as this disorder tends to run in families (Bipolar Disorder, 2014). Knowing that there may be a genetic component could help potentially diagnose sufferers of this disorder sooner than later. Granting, bipolar disorder cannot be cured there are many medications that can be used to treat this disorder so that the person affected by this disorder can life a functional

This supports the research that bipolar disorder can run in families and that there may be certain genes that correlate with this disorder.

Indeed, looking at the biological perspective, Lisa’s mother was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Genetically, the fact that Lisa’s mother was fragile could have led Lisa to be more vulnerable to symptoms like depression and bipolar disorder. According to some studies, BPD and bipolar disorder would be linked, it would be referred to as bipolar disorder spectrum (Davey, 2014); as they are both more likely to be heritable on a first-degree relative level, (Davey, 2014). However, finding genes that are responsible for any disorder is an issue, (Nestler, Barrot, DiLeone, Eisch & Monteggia, 2002). Indeed, most researches find that genetics are implicated in an individual’s vulnerability to a certain level, without finding which ones yet. For instance, because the symptoms of borderline personality disorder such as impulsiveness, aggression are found to be heritable, some hypotheses tend

Based on the possible causes of bipolar disorders, which are thought to be a biological disorder

Indeed, looking at the biological perspective, Lisa’s mother was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Genetically, the fact that Lisa’s mother was fragile could have led Lisa to be more vulnerable to symptoms like depression and bipolar disorder. According to some studies, BPD and bipolar disorder would be linked, it would be referred to as bipolar disorder spectrum (Davey, 2014); as they are both more likely to be heritable on a first-degree relative level, (Davey, 2014). However, finding genes that are responsible for any disorder is an issue, (Nestler, Barrot, DiLeone, Eisch & Monteggia, 2002). Indeed, most researches find that genetics are implicated in an individual’s vulnerability to a certain level, without finding which ones yet. For instance, because the symptoms of borderline personality disorder such as impulsiveness, aggression are found to be heritable, some hypotheses tend to

The issues surrounding the importance of early diagnosis and the application of a variety of therapies for bipolar disorder are examined through the lens of a mix of quantitative, qualitative and mixed peer reviewed journals acquired from data sources such as MEDLINE, and Psycinfo by using Boolean language in Lamar University’s library data base. Current studies into the dynamics of manic depression or bipolar disorder, offer insight into future treatments; diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD); and detection of BD at a genetic level. Concerns that arise from this literature comprise issues relating to:

Many theorists believe children inherit a biological predisposition to develop Bipolar Disorder (Comer, 2005). Researchers have conducted genetic linkage studies to identify possible patterns in inheritance of bipolar disorders (Comer, 2005). The researchers select large families that have

Written by Brian Murphy: Mental Illness is something that is very controversial and we are constantly making progress in identifying the genetics and biological factors that lead to criminals whose mental illnesses lead to their actions. For my research in this instance I will be focusing mainly on bipolar disorder since it is potentially coded into my families genetic DNA on my mothers side. My grandfather, on my mother’s side, was bipolar and likely abused substances, which led to him committing suicide before I ever got to meet him. This event, in a manner of speaking, “sparked” my mother’s case of Bipolar disorder at the age of 26 and she fell into rapid cycles of mania and depression following her father’s suicide; but has never

Among pairs of fraternal twins, who have about half their genes in common, both twins have bipolar disorder in less than fifteen percent cases in which one twin has the disorder. Waltz (2000), states that the degree of genetic influence comes from studies of adopted children with bipolar disorder. These studies show that biological relatives have a higher incidence of bipolar disorder than do people in the general population. Personal or work related stress can trigger a manic episode, but this usually occurs in people with a genetic vulnerability (Burns, 1999). Other factors such as childhood experiences and social conditions seem to have relatively little influence in causing bipolar disorder. One study examined a pair of twins in which only one member of the pair had bipolar disorder. The study found that regardless of whether the parent had bipolar disorder or not, the twins had the same high ten percent rate of bipolar disorder. This observation suggests that risk for bipolar illness comes from genetic influence, not from exposure to a parent’s bipolar illness or from family problems caused by that illness.