Benefits And Problems Associated With Globalization

The forests have an independent watchdog(?) named British Columbia’s Forest Practices Board (BCFPD). The board oversees the activities of forest companies, their private contractors, and the government on public land. The board audits randomly selected forestry companies to be audited for compliance and enforcement with forest practice requirements, audits the enforcement of the government forest practices requirements, addresses public complaints on forestry practices, and conducts special investigations on forestry issues (mr113). All the work that the BCFPD does has led to notable positive changes in BC forestry. Some of these positive changes include: Less disturbance from logging, smaller cut blocks, better logging roads and proper maintenance, and more deactivation of logging roads (mr113). While reports have noted these improvements, the board still believes that there is room for improvement. Policies and changes are continually evolving to make BC’s forest as competitive and sustainable as possible. Some of the changes that are believed to be needed include new policies for efficiency, more timber availability to smaller organizations, such as first nations or small communities to help long-term economic development, and many others(mr113).

Within the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service helps watch over and investigate the health of different species. Then, local and national scientist collects data to determine if a species gets put on the Endangered Species list. The main factor to determine the endangerment of a species is if a large percentage of the species’ habitat has been destroyed. Next, note if the animal’s population has been excessively decreasing, threatened by disease, or any terrorized by any predators. Also, record any man-made

Hunters, activist or conservationists have a common goal “ensure that endangered species are here for generations to come” . Some comments that conservation trough commerce is a worthy way to manage natural resources and create awareness of endangered species. Hunters are more likely to be interested in support charities in order to prevent endangered animals to become extinct.

The problems which have arisen since 1973 seem to be endless. First of all, the time needed to put an endangered species on the list is much too long. By the time most species get on the list, they are on the brink of extinction. Second, private

The National Wildlife Institute has published “Conservation Under the Endangered Species Act: A Promise Broken”. Their critique of the Act includes questioning the programs undertaken as a result of the Act have played sufficient roles in the recovery of species that were delisted, as well as questioning the allocation of funding to programs intended to aid listed species.

Could the Endangered Species Act itself become endangered with the current debates? Recently, many conservation advocates and government officials think so, pointing to the proposed policy change that could make it harder for wildlife to receive protection under the Act. So, what does the future hold for the Endangered Species Act? With more than 40 years since the passage of the ESA in 1973, politicians and environmentalists alike have analyzed the realities of the Act, creating an interesting current state of debate regarding conservation. With poor administration and provisions designed to promote good science and good sense flouted, the Act needs to change and improve to find the best middle available between the suppression of economic activity and the preservation of species within the United States. The Act now more than ever is in need of political cooperation that can both revive and reform it to best protect against future challenges and obstacles otherwise the act will eventually be rendered useless due to it ineffectiveness, falsified science, and lack of consistency.

Under the Act, the roles of science and government policy are separate. The Com-mittee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) is responsible for determining which species are at risk and the Federal Government is responsible for offi-cially listing species at risk. As of 2013, there are 676 species listed

Environmental groups began pressuring the government for new forest management legislation. The health of the forests, and the wild life habitat the forest provides became a highly debatable subject. Timber harvests began to decline as a result to the conservation litigation and political matters that were brought to light. To this end, the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), which was federally founded in 1994, was designed to restrict timber harvests in order to protect endangered species that dwell in old growth forests (Zielinski, 2012). Further, the NWFP provided a guide for a much regimented forest management style of our forest lands. Pendulums do swing though and there is a building dissatisfaction with federal land management today, as unmanaged forests burn up and rural communities have no jobs base (Zielinski, 2012).

The ESA is unique in that Congress included “strict substantive provisions” to protect species and their ecosystems, many of which have been a source of contention between environmentalists and advocates of economic progress. Nonetheless, the ESA has improved and stabilized the populations of roughly 41% of listed species, with 34 species being delisted due to recovery efforts. The ESA is also unique in that Congress has continued to appropriate funding for the Act even though it has not been reauthorized. The ESA’s authorization for appropriation expired in FY 1992, however this “does not end statuary obligations created by law”. Unfortunately, FWS and NMFS would not be able to carry out their enforcing responsibilities under the ESA if Congress cease to appropriate funding.

There two federal agencies that are in charge of the act are the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A species is considered for protection under the ESA when a high portion of the species is likely to become endangered in a foreseeable time. Overall there are about 2,200 species that are listed as endangered or threatened under the ESA and of these about 600 are foreign found species. The main goal of the ESA is to prevent jeopardized animals and plants from becoming extinct and removing or decreasing any threat to their survival. It is important to make sure that no species die out so as to not upset the environmental balance. When we protect all species, we are protecting the entire habitat, therefore, we are maintaining the safety of our own environment as humans.

It is recommended that Australian Paper implement the conservative practices, currently only applied to the Leadbeater’s Possum, to all threatened species whose habitats fall within the Gippsland region. This measure would maximise Australian Paper’s environmental sustainability by hindering biodiversity regression, potentially increasing a specie’s population through the provision of adequate habitats and could be the subject of promotion. Promotion of the new practice would better Australian Paper’s corporate culture; consequently, attract more customers; and therefore, increase profit. Furthermore, this policy is incredibly feasible as employees are already being payed to investigate potential logging and manufacture areas for the possibility of possums and their habitats, and to buffer areas when necessary. The habitat criteria of other threatened species is also available on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, therefore much research would not have to be completed before implementation of the new procedure. This recommendation would minimise weaknesses within the business and capitalise on identified opportunities. Overall, this strategy would increase corporate social responsibility.

Extinction is nothing new to animal and plant species around the earth. Over the course of time on the earth there have been five mass extinctions, with many predicting that a sixth has already begun due to human fault. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was designed to save both animal and plant life from these great feat. The ESA has seen only a 2% recovery rate since it enactment (Why is U.S. Recovery Rate (2%) for Endangered Species So Low?). Many critics and politicians have been calling for a reformation of the act for years. The ESA is in need of a change in the following areas funding distribution, time it takes to list a species on the endangered species list, and habitats on private land.

Globalization can be defined as ‘international integration’, which can be described as the process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and functioning together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, and political forces (dictionary.com).

Forest degradation is a widespread global concern and an important contemporary issue for several United Nations (UN) organizations and conventions. Forest degradation is broadly defined as a reduction in the capacity of a forest to produce ecosystem services such as carbon is storage and wood products as a result of anthropogenic and environmental changes. ( Mosisa Ararso, 2015).

Continuing on with the positive economic effects of globalization, the economy puts forward a net benefit to the individual economies around the world. It does so by making the markets more efficient, increasing the competition, as well as spreading wealth around the world on a more equal playing field so that all countries have some kind of reward. This makes all countries want to strive to do well and for their superiors to do well also. International trade benefits us by having foods all year round, cheaper products, and allows countries to focus on their strengths and trade for the things they can’t make cost effectively on their own.