Benefits Of Farmers Livelihoods On The Farming Of Coastal Bangladesh

Introduction: Bangladesh is one of developing countries of south-east Asia. It is visited by different natural calamities almost every year. Our fate is that we have to survive by fighting against reoccurring natural calamities. Ours is a life of great challenge indeed.

protection. India is a land of villages. Nearly 65-70% of our country is agriculturists. About

The subjects of Agriculture and Rural Development, including Natural Resource Economics, will enable me to empirically assess patterns that nest within it like; the relationship between climate change and food insecurity in marginalized communities: The case of semi-arid areas in Malawi. Through this plan, I will be able to answer questions on the nexus between food security, water use and energy security, as well as the indicators of climate change in Malawi. The correlation between climate change, the levels of food insecurity in Malawi and rural development, will also be accorded an investigation

Mertz et al. (2009b), assert that the communities most susceptible to climate change impacts will be those who practice subsistence agriculture and are characterized by economic poverty. Subsistence farmers face a number of challenges such as limited access to productive land and lack of access to markets amongst other things, consequently making them more vulnerable to climate change impacts (Makhura, 2001). However, on closer analysis it appears that female subsistence farmers in developing countries are expected to face the greatest impacts of climate change (Terry, 2009). Men and women have different roles within their households and communities, yet in spite of this, their roles are complementary (Bless, 2005; Oberhauser et al., 2004), the difference in roles leads to dissimilar often conflicting basic needs, preferences, livelihood strategies and goals (Okali, 2006). Denton (2002) notes that adaptive capacity and susceptibility to climate change impacts differs between male and female farmers especially in developing countries. According to United Nations-UN (2008) climate change

Contrary to popular belief, the loss is not being caused the lumber industry, but rather the basic practice of growing food. The practice of subsistence farming is common in the area, which in simple terms is growing enough food to sustain survival of those close to the farmer.

Sustainable agriculture is the production of food, fibre and animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, communities and animal welfare (Sustainable Agriculture, 2017). The alternative option of sustainable farming is industrial in which chemicals are used to fertilize the soil and plants. This chemical usage can lead to infected soil as well as excessive toiling on soil which can lead to erosion. Sustainable farming benefits the environment as well as the impacts on the produce that is found in the supermarket. There are many positive effects that sustainable farming can have but there are also negative effects as well. There are also huge benefits of buying sustainably. Therefore, agriculture is better and more environmentally friendly way of farming.

C offe e is the world’s most valua ble agricultural commodity, and most of it is grown in d eveloping countries and consume d in industrialise d countries A b out 80 p er c e nt of c offe e farm ers are smallholders farming three hectares or less The coffe e-growing industry is la bour intensive and an estimate d 60 million p eople e arn all or p art of their living from it - that is one p er

The society is traditional and the dominant activity is subsistence farming meaning that high percentage of farming is motivated by the need to support and feed one’s own families;

In Clifford Geertz’s article, Two Types of Ecosystems, he suggests that the uneven distribution of the Indonesian population is in direct correlation with the different methods of agriculture used by those in the densely populated area and those in the less populated area. Geertz explores the distinct characteristics of two methods of cultivation in Indonesia, swidden and sawah agriculture. Swidden agriculture, as described by Geertz, is when the forest is burned and cleared so new crops can be sowed. The nutrients from the burned plants are used as a natural fertilizer to insure growth of its variety of crops. Swidden agriculture works in a cycle, once the nutrients in the soil are depleted, the

It has played an important role in the socioeconomic development of the country by generating gainful employment to 16.5 million families, particularly among the landless labourers, small and marginal farmers and women, besides providing cheap nutritional food to millions of people. In 2010-11, livestock and fisheries have contributed 28.4% of the value of output from Agriculture and allied sectors, which totalled at 16,23,968 Crores and Export earnings were 25,408.86 crores. Moreover, Livestock are the best insurance against the natural disasters like drought

Historically, Ethiopia has been concerned with subsistence farming rather than for profit. Particularly, mixed agriculture has been the most predominate economic activity for the nation. Due to its location, Ethiopia has no significant variation in its local temperature which helps with the development of self-sufficient agriculture- a critical activity for the population of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is essentially a land of field crops yet hosts a diversity of crops which is surprising because of the relatively constant climate. Methods of farming vary with socioeconomic status and knowledge of the farmers. Along with crops, the potential to grow and develop the livestock economy has a good outlook for Ethiopia. Interestingly enough, the largest herd of livestock in Africa lives in Ethiopia. Although this is true, benefits from the livestock are little compared to the

Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The economic condition of Bangladesh is mostly connected with her rivers. The rivers of Bangladesh are undoubtedly wide. But they shrink in size for insufficiency of wither in dry seasons. With the heavy rainfall in the rainy season they become full to the brim and look terrible. The Padma, the meghna, the jamuna and the karnaphuli are the principal rivers of Bangladesh. Besides there's, there are other small rivers of no less importance. All three rivers flowing through different districts of Bangladesh fall into the Bay of Bengal. In the rainy season these rivers swell to the brim and sometimes overflow their banks and inundate the adjoining fields. They then look like the vast sheet of water all around. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. Her river makes her soil fertile by depositions the silt carried by them of the land. Paddy and jute are the main crops of Bangladesh. Irrigation is essential for the bumper growth of these crops. So the water of these rivers is used for the purpose of irrigation by means of power-pumps or by digging canals. It is, therefore, evident that the economic condition of the cultivators largely depends on rivers. Many kinds of fish are around in the rivers of Bangladesh. These rivers are an inexhaustible source of supply of fish to her people. The fisherman of Bangladesh earns their livelihood by fishing in these rivers. They are entirely dependent

Agricultural Cycles: People who rely on fruits and vegetables that they produce for household food consumption (subsistence farmers) often go through cycles of relative abundance and scarcity. For many families that rely on subsistence production for survival, the period immediately prior to harvest is a 'hungry period. ' During these periods of scarcity, many families lack sufficient resources to meet their minimal nutritional needs. Being familiar with these cycles has enabled development practitioners to anticipate and prepare for periods of acute need for assistance.

Bangladesh has a very high rate of population growth, which results in a higher population density, and in many cases can lead to, an increase in stress on water and natural resources, decrease food sequirity, slower development, and less land for agricuture. For a country which is heavily reliant on its agriculture, this becomes an issue. All these effects will eventually lead to hunger within the nation. This is due to more people relying on the same natural resources, however there is not enough to suit the basic needs of everyone. Due to a high population density, the land for farming is put under stress and thus, food production, decreases while the number of people needing food increases. Many people in bangladesh are forced to live on, and grow crops on areas

The paper titled “Poverty Profiles and Coping Strategies of the Hoar (Ox-bow lake) Households in Bangladesh” provides poverty estimates using different methods for Hoar areas of Bangladesh. The paper also gives a clear overview of how poor households face the seasonal poverty incidence that is endemic to this region. The main strength of the paper is relatively large sample size covering hoar areas across different districts of north-eastern part of Bangladesh. Since author(s) has a rich data set, I was expecting that there would be many interesting findings and dynamics from the author’s analysis. However, findings on poverty estimates and coping strategies that the author obtained are less dissimilar than what we can observe in most of the rural areas in Bangladesh. In addition, there are some issues that the author needs to take care of before the paper got published. My comments are as follows: