Benefits Of Using Induction Ct Essay

Bowel cancer is the second leading cancer in Australia with over 90 % of whom over 50 years old (Bowel Cancer Australia, 2014). Every year, over 17,000 people are newly diagnosed with bowel cancer (Cancer Council Australia, 2015). The most common treatment for all stages of bowel cancer is removing the cancer and forming a stoma which may help people to maintain the maximum function of their digest system. Depending on the patient’s situation, the colostomy can be reversed to recover the function of absorb nutrition and exclude metabolites. This paper will review the whole process of a patient who received reversal colostomy from admission to discharge, and explain the symptoms that the patient had post operation.

Recommended follow up regimen after curative treatment for colorectal cancer and signs and symptoms associated with colorectal cancer recurrence.

This is particularly important in patients at higher risk of radiation injury (e.g. younger patients) especially those requiring repeated imaging follow-up.

The patients were selected according to the type of surgery, open colectomy for left-sided colon and rectal cancer, patients that required "postoperative ventilation or planned intensive care therapy due to co-morbid conditions were excluded from the study," the eligible subjects were randomly selected to either the control or treatment group, and peri-operative treatment was standardized (Quah et al, 2006, p. 65). Outcome measures were time to first flatus and feces, and length of hospital stay, and a blinded "independent specialist colorectal nurse practitioner" evaluated the progress (Quah et al, 2006, p. 65). Researchers utilized the Mann-Whitney U-test and the X2 test to analyze the data entered into statistical software, and measured statistical significance using a two-sided p value of 0.05. The two groups were homogeneous "in terms of age, gender co-morbid disease, history of previous abdominal surgery, site of tumor and tumor stage" (Quah et al, 2006, p. 65). The researchers findings were not significant enough to support the intervention; the mean time to first flatus was 2.7 days for the control group and 2.4 days for the experimental group a p value of 0.56, the mean time to first feces was 3.9 days for the control group and 3.2 for the experimental group a p value of 0.38, and length of hospital stay was 11.2 days for the control group and 9.4 days for the experimental group a p value of 0.75. Patients in the experimental group had

Zhu conducted a study to compare the survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer and were treated with a systemic drug, which was oxaliplatin, and those who were treated with CRS-HIPEC. The study showed that those patients who received systemic chemotherapy had an average survival of 24 months, while those who received CRS-HIPEC had a survival of 63 months.16 Randomised studies and other cohort studies have provided encouraging information on the overall survival in patients who have undergone CRS-HIPEC treatment with or without early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC), as compared to those who obtained systemic

Treatment options for recurrent rectal cancer depend on whether the cancer recurs locally or in a distant site.

The incidence of local recurrence may be brought down using radiotherapy as a post-operative adjuvant therapy. This is so even in patients who had positive or doubtful margins after surgery, that is, those who have residual

Qu XM, Li G, Sanderink GC, Zhang ZY, Ma XC (2012). Dose reduction of cone beam CT

Morbidity and mortality are increased in patients with advanced or metastatic colon cancer, and in

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the lethal malignant diseases and is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is the third most common cancer in men (10% of all cancers in men worldwide) and second most in women (9.2% of all cancers in women worldwide)(1). It is a slow developing cancer that begins as a tumor or a tissue growth on the inner lining of the large bowel. The most common type of CRC is adenocarcinoma (more than 95%)(2). Even with advancements in the diagnostic technologies the detection is usually late however accurate pre-operative staging has a definite impact in the treatment plan and is important in selecting patients for pre-operative chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both.

MRI due to its high sensitivity for soft tissue enables to view structures clearly which has been a major advance in visualizing rectal tumors and can predict the T stage (mrTstage) with good accuracy Brown G. et al, 2003. Detailed staging using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the selection of patients that require pre/ post-operative therapy for tumor regression. This information can be used to select neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy in those patients with poor prognostic features before disturbing the tumor bed and potentially disseminating disease. Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) is recognized as an independent factor for poor prognosis in rectal cancer and may therefore influence treatment decisions regarding oncological therapy. Extramural venous invasion is seen on MRI as a serpiginous extension of tumor signal within a vascular structure. This is best identified on T2-weighted images where the characteristic signal and morphology differentiates it from nodal disease Smith et al, 2008.

significant association between perioperative RBCT and death from colorectal cancer. The five-year survival from colorectal cancer after perioperative blood transfusion decreased from 86% in patients that didn’t receive PRBCs to 52% when three or more units of PRBCs were transfused (Edna & Bjerkeset, 1994). Additionally, local cancer recurrence and distant metastases increased significantly in the group that received more than two units of PRBCs; incidence was greater in a dose-dependent manner. As with the previous study by Kooby et al. (2003), both of these research analyses showed a decrease in perioperative RBCT throughout the years (Edna & Bjerkeset, 1994).

The role of 5FU as a radiosensitizer is well established in the neoadjuvant setting in the management of Rectal cancer (Janjan et al, 1999). Moreover, Capecitabine was proven to be equally effective to infusional 5FU, and is a standard of care now in preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients (Glynne-Jones et al, 2001).

Fielding LP, Stewart BS, Blesovsky L, and Kearney G. Anastomotic integrity after operations for large bowel cancer: A multi-center study. Br Med J 2013; 281:411-414

Additionally, the more up to date prospective triggering technique gathers CT information just at a specified point or cluster of points in the heart cycle, decreasing the time the CT beam is on to a fraction of what it was with retrospective gating, thus considerably decreasing the radiation dose (Shuman et al., 2008).