Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Research Paper

There are difficulties and controversy associated with the current screening methods for prostate cancer. The PSA test for prostate cancer has become controversial as it is “not yet known for certain if this test actually does saves lives. It is not clear if the benefits of PSA screening outweigh the risks of diagnostic tests and cancer treatments” (National Cancer Institute, 2009). According to NCI, a PSA test may detect a small amount of cancer that may never become life threatening. This is referred to as over diagnosis and this can put men at risk of complications from any additional and unnecessary treatment (National Cancer Institute, 2009).

Prostate Cancer is a disease in which there is an uncontrolled growth of cells that lines the ducts of the prostate gland. The abnormal cells can spread throughout the prostate and nearby organs, such as the seminal vesicles. If not caught early they can spread (metastasized) to other organs of the body through the lymph or blood stream. (“...Treatment...” 13) Prostate Cancer can be like a silent killer. Some may show signs and symptoms of this disease while others may not. Some symptoms may include frequent urination, blood in the urine or semen, delayed or slowed start of urinary stream and dribbling or leakage of urine. Diagnosis testing for Prostate Cancer are digital

Prostate cancer is a kind of cancer that affects the prostate gland in men. It is a common cancer that grows slowly and its treatment can be done successfully if it is detected at an early stage. Sometimes, symptoms are not visible in case of cancer limited to the prostate gland which may result into metastatic cancer. To detect the symptoms, active surveillance can be done. There are various options available

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest malignancy tumour in men and is second in cancer related death after lung cancer. PCa is mainly adenocarcinomas originating from the cortex of the gland (D’Elia et al. 2014).

First my father had to go through Transurethral Surgery, to remove the primary tumor from his bladder. During this procedure a resectoscope is passed through the urethra and into the bladder. This instrument has a wire loop attached at the end of it, which is used to scrape the tumor off the wall of the bladder. The tumor is then sent to the lab to be tested for cancer. The patient of this surgery can be placed on either regional anesthesia (patient’s lower body is numbed) or general anesthesia (patient is completely asleep). Side effects to this surgery can include bleeding and pain when urinating. This procedure is very effective because the tumor is completely removed from the bladder and the site is burned to ensure the base of the tumor was removed. My father has had this surgery twice in the past two years where they have successfully removed all of his tumors. He does suffer side effects from the transurethral surgery, such as vomiting, difficulty urinating, and is in a lot of pain, but it prevents him from having to go through Chemotherapy (American Cancer

Over the years and up till now, several men have been faced with some sexual inabilities such as soft erections, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, incontinence and poor prostate health., or even small penis size known as micropenis.

As the majority of the wives I interviewed had husbands who underwent prostatectomies, in their response to this question, the majority were in concord with one another. On the one hand, younger wives reported poor quality of life and sometimes depressed behaviors in their husbands, due to their broken pride from erectile dysfunction, the lack of ejaculation with orgasm, and drawing in of the penis with reanastomosis of the urethra after removal of the prostate, as well as side effects of hormone ablation (e.g., sexual dysfunction, fatigue, hot flashes, weight gain). On the other hand, the much older wives attested to seeing better quality of life, improved relationships with people around them, better symptom and pain management in their husbands during and after their treatment. This difference in quality of life between relatively young and old prostate cancer patients can be attributed to their different levels of sexual

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer share a few similarities, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Along with enlargement of prostate gland that causes urinary symptoms such as, frequent urination, hesitancy, dribbling, and frequent nighttime urination. However, they are quite different which is why more tests need to be done to confirm one or the other condition. These two diseases are also similar in the fact that they both cause an enlargement of the prostate. However with BPH the central portion of the prostate is enlarged and with prostate cancer more commonly the lateral lobes or side of the prostate are enlarged, but can affect any were on the prostate. Both can even be detected by a digital rectal exam however

This study was about the assessment of erectile dysfunction in patients with hypertension. The study was conducted in specialized care units. The patients were assessed how effective and tolerable Viagra treatment is. Each patient had hypertension problems. The participants with a score of equal to or less than the standard, were given Viagra up to sixty minutes prior to intercourse. Then they were evaluated. Results concluded that eighty-three percent of patients saw improvement in their condition. The rest of the participants were unconcluded for various reasons such as unable to complete the treatment, diseases, fear of therapy, and violation of protocol. The study concluded that although erectile dysfunction is common in hypertensive patients, it could be treated with Viagra. Viagra has shown to be a safe, and responsive way to treat erectile

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or commonly referred as enlarged prostate, occurs in more than 50% of men in their sixties and up to 90% in their seventies and eighties. The condition’s hallmark symptoms include frequency, hesitancy, urgency, post void fullness and nocturia. These symptoms can greatly affect quality of life of men who suffer from them. Flomax is one of the medications that help to relieve symptoms of BPH. The drug was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim pharmaceutical company and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997. The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth discussion of Flomax based heavily on the 21-page long information provided by the pharmaceutical company.

The normal prostate is a small squishy gland about the size of a walnut and is located under the bladder and in front of the rectum. The urethra runs directly through the prostate (McCance, & Huether, 2014). The nerves that control erectile function are attached to the sides of the prostate. It is a gland that is important for reproduction. The prostate gland undergoes first growth spurt during puberty and a second growth spurt during the fifth decade of life. BPH is a non-cancerous prostatic condition that develops at the transition zone that surrounds the urethra or urinary tube, due to the imbalance between androgen and estrogen secretion causing hyperplasia (Timms, & Hofkamp, 2011). Major symptoms of BPH is caused by this hyperplasia, which obstructs the urethra and bladder.

Sexual dysfunction represents a prevalent long-term complication among prostate cancer survivors with a wide spectrum of manifestations and a huge impact on quality of life [4]. Resnick et al (2013) reported long-term effects of sexual function after radical prostate cancer treatment reported by prostate cancer survivors. As shown in a 15-yr follow-up study consisted of 1655 men who had localized prostate cancer the decline in erectile function following treatment is progressive, regardless of treatment type (eg, surgery, radiation therapy). (20)

The disease epidemiology has also been researched in different sub-populations. In a cohort of men that underwent screening for prostate cancer, Peyronie's disease prevalence was 8.9%. Significantly higher prevalence of 15.9% is seen in men after radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, in men evaluated for erectile disfunction, Peyronie's disease was found in 7.9% of individuals. Diabetes has also been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of this condition.

These treatments are used when the physician does not feel that conventional surgery is yet needed. These treatments use different forms of heat to destroy prostate tissue, including: radiofrequency energy- transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), microwave energy – transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), electrical current – transurethral electrovaporization (TUVP), hot water – water –induced thermotherapy (WIT) and laser – interstitial laser coagulation (ILC) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Surgery may be recommended if you have incontinence, recurrent blood in the urine, urinary retention, recurrent UTI’s, kidney failure or bladder stones.

Prostate carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States.1 Although local therapies with curative intent, such as radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy, may result in durable disease control, up to 30% of patients experience biochemical progression.2 Patients who are at a high risk for failed definitive local therapy represent ideal candidates for adjuvant therapy or for clinical trials of systemic . Patient consisted of digital rectal examination and serum PSA , which were done every 3 months for year 1, semiannually from years 2 to 5 and annually . Biochemical progression was defined as a sustained increase on 2 or more occasions of serum total PSA greater than 0.2