Between Two Oxysterols Component, 7-Ketocholesterol

During the halogenation reactions of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, there is a formation of water from the OH atom of the alcohol, and the H atom from the HCl solution. The OH bond of the alcohol is then substituted with the Cl atom. Therefore all of the degrees of alcohol undergo halogenation reactions, and form alkyl halides as products. This is because the functional group of alkyl halides is a carbon-halogen bond. A common halogen is chlorine, as used in this experiment.

7. To each fresh tube of alcohol, 2 mL of 0.01 mol/L KMnO4 was added, and step 4. was repeated.

1. The relationship between rate of diffusion/ osmosis, volume, and surface area can be easily seen and analyzed through the data that was collected from procedure one: Surface Area and Cell Size. Phenolphthalein is a dye-material in this lab that was used to determine whether a substance was an acid or base. This could be told as the phenolphthalein changed into a murky. Muddled and clouded color when mixed with acids. When the chemical aid was mixed in with a base, the color

The purpose of the experiment is to oxidize a secondary alcohol (2-octanol) by using sodium hypochlorite (bleach) to produce 2-octanone. The starting material consisted of a sample of 2-octanol that was placed into a three-neck flask along with acetic acid and acetone creating an acidic solution. While monitoring temperature fluctuations to ensure a temperature of 400 Celsius was not reached, sodium hypochlorite slowly dripped from a separatory funnel into the acidic solution. Once this reaction reached its entirety, the solution was combined with sodium bisulfate to remove any of the remaining oxidizing agent. This solution was then tested and brought to a neutral pH using a sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction material was extracted using ether and was then washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic solution was then dried using magnesium sulfate and was then decanted and placed onto the rotovap. The produced weighed .599g and based on the infrared spectrum analysis (see Figure 1) preformed on the product it was determined to be 86.1% 2-octanol, which means .516g of 2-octanol was obtained in the final product.

Inorganic and organic compounds are both necessary for the human body. The definition of an inorganic compound is a compound that does not contain hydrocarbon groups. An inorganic compound is composed of several other elements, such as salts, metals, and other elemental compounds, but can contain hydrogen or carbon. If they have both, carbon and hydrogen molecules, they are organic. Organic compounds are defined as compounds containing hydrocarbon groups. Organic compounds will include things like the nucleic acids, found in DNA, lipids and fatty acids found in the cells of living organisms, proteins and enzymes that are necessary for cellular processes to take place, and more. There are numerous effects to the body if there are disturbances

Cells and molecules in the environment are constantly moving and changing, for cells to function properly there is a need for equilibrium to be met. The size of the cell and the solution outside of the cell affects the rate of diffusion and osmosis in the cell. Cells are constantly trying to reach an equilibrium with the molecules and substances around it, which is why there are such terms as: hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. The procedures allowed testing of whether or not surface area or volume increased diffusion and how different substance control diffusion. Cells are constantly moving to reach equilibrium through diffusion and osmosis.

C. Evidence: As can be seen in Table 2 on page 2A of the attached Appendix, the Spartan molecular modeling data shows surface area decreases in the

Albuterol; is a bronchodilator which means it will open and relax the breathing passages in your lungs. This will treat your wheezing, when you have shortness of breath, and a cough. Side effects that may occur are a shaking, nervous feeling, nausea and dizziness.

In this experiment, the identity of an unknown compound will be deduced from analysis of physical properties, boiling points, IR spectra, chemical tests, and melting points of derivatives. This experiment allows for individual selection of chemical tests, order of steps, and additional analysis, as necessary, based on what is needed to determine identity of unknown.

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists Are Substrates and Inhibitors; Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist called also sympathomimetic. It mimics the effect of sympathetic nervous systems.

Clenbuterol is widely used across the world as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma, and marketed as steroid. Although not approved by the U.S. FDA, this is most likely due the fact there are other alternatives on the US market, and not due to any negative side-effects of the drug.

Clen or Clenbuterol a non-steroidal drug originated to treat the bronchial problems. While a patient suffers from asthma, usage of Clen widens the narrowed bronchioles. Fat-burning is its secondary property. Hence most of the body builders, athletes use Clen for weight loss without losing the muscle mass. Most available of Clen is in the salt form of Clenbuterol hydrochloride.

The purpose of the lab was to make observations and inferences, on how 2 types of packing material reacts to different liquids. In part one of the lab, 2 different types of packing material was placed in separate beakers of acetone and water. After a minute of stirring using the glass stirring rod, iodine, an indicator, was added to each beaker. In part 2, tin foil was rolled and placed in a solution of water and crystals. Observations were taken in all parts of the lab.

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

This part exposed us to many property changes in these various objects after a substance was added to their surface. There were SOAR instruments that observed both at 30X and 200X, which allowed for close observing. We were able to collect a sufficient amount of data because we were able to examine the reaction with our naked eye, but also a low and high magnification. Being provided with the instruments to make satisfactory observations made this procedure adequate. Therefore, there are not any suggestions that could be made to improve this