Bias And Bias Review Paper

This design is more often used by practitioners compared with researchers to examine the effectiveness of a specific intervention on an individual or group’s behaviors.

·  What conclusions did the study reach? Are the conclusions appropriate? Why or why not?

What kinds of studies are high in external validity? What kinds of studies are high in internal validity? Explain why each kind of study seems to have advantages / disadvantages in terms of external & internal validity.

4.     What is more important in an experimental study, designing the study in order to make strong internal validity claims or strong external validity claims? Why?

Additionally, as far as the study’s designers making a reference back to the purpose of the research (Pyrczak, 2008), this evaluator has ascertained they have not (Lin et al., 2004); however, it should be mentioned that in studies that have only a solitary hypothesis, such a requirement may not be applicable. With that being the case,

Only one study had a large number of people to take part in the study according to (Hearne et al 2011) this particular study was the randomized clinical trial (RCT). As noted in this week’s lesson, when trial are conducted there are sometimes issues with obtain recruits and this study also encountered limitations as well. Hearne et al (2015) collaborated on the fact that when information is reported by the researchers themselves the results can be skewed and have various limitations. (Taylor, E.M., Kendzor, D.E., Reitzel, L.R., & Businelle, M.S. (2016) goes on to say there are limitations related to the limited information in some research. (Hearne et al 2015), says that there are limitations as well when the sample population is a unilateral approach and there is no comparison done in the study.

There are some limitations to this literature review. One limitation is some of these studies may be outdated being that they are from the 1990s (i.e: Dulit et. al, 1990; Miller et. al, 1993; and Dougherty et. al, 1999). Another limitation is some of the studies were not randomized samples (i.e: Miller et. al, 1993 and Tragesser et. al, 2013). If samples are not random this could mean the results are bias.

According to Greenhalgh (2010), there are four kinds of bias which must be addressed during randomized controlled trials (p. 52):

Two completely different viewpoints of randomized clinical trials are given, article one is against the idea and article two is for it. Article one argues that when a patient sees a physician; the physician has the duty to provide the best treatment for that

The authors relied heavily on two studies to create their argument. The first study mentioned was the Pinto et al article. In this study, "Pinto and colleagues (5) assessed the

I find the authors’ argument convincing. The sample size, inclusion and investigation of previous studies, and extensively discussed conclusions of the authors’ study provide an ample amount of information for audience to continue further research or simply use their research as I am

Cullen and Gendreau compare and contrast the many studies on this subject, the meta-analyses conclusions, their strengths, weaknesses, inconsistencies, and the trends that follow the studies

This study was limited due to the small sample size. Although the conclusions are valid, more research with a

There are six methods used to analyse trial design; of which are discussed as follows.

A study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various stages of the research. Study types can be classified severally depending on the research strategy employed. A study type can be non-interventional that is ‘observational’ where a researcher just observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non-interventional study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or comparative. A study can also be