Big To Fail

On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which is commonly referred as the Dodd-Frank Act. This act was passed as a response to the Great Recession in order to prevent potential financial debacle in the future. This regulation has a significant impact on American financial services industry by placing major changes on the financial regulation and agencies since the Great Depression. This paper examines the history and impact of Dodd-Frank Act on American financial services industry.

The regulation that I have chosen for this paper is amendment in the Regulation X i.e. “Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act” and Regulation Z which is for “Truth in Lending”, for establishing the new disclosure requirements and forms in Regulation Z for the most closed-end consumer credit transactions secured by the real property. This regulation is controlled by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. The role of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is to provide consumers information related to the terms of their agreements with financial companies during their application for a mortgage, choosing among credit cards, or using any number of other consumer financial products. The mortgage market is the single largest market for the consumer of financial products and the services in the United States, with approximately $10.4 trillion in loans outstanding. Since last decade, market went through an unprecedented cycle of the expansion and the contraction that was fuelled in the part by securitization of mortgages and the creation of increasingly sophisticated derivative products. This led to the collapse of financial system in 2008 and sparked the most severe recession in United States.

ABSTRACT There are many analyses of the economic effects that regulations, in general, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in particular, have had on American business. This analysis looks at the effect that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has had on the American banking industry. The return on assets and return on equity were obtained from the Federal Reserve Bank for all SEC-registered and nonregistered banks for the period 2000

addition, it has turned criminals into the new whipping boys and given the public license to hate and exclude the criminal element with impunity. (Alexander, M., p. 141-143)

The banking industry consists of almost sixty-five hundred banks that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Out of these, there are eighty-one substantially large banks in the United States that are publically traded, which is where the market structure and industry information will be based. However, as with the rest of the country, these banks are very concentrated, with the largest banks accounting for over half of the market as well as accounting for the largest amounts of revenue.

We now know to keep financial regulations in place to prevent another economic catastrophe. After fall of 2008, the

After Dodd-Frank Act takes effect, the impacts on the stakeholders, negatively and positively, especially the financial institutions, investors and customers, are far-reaching. Accompanying with that, efficiency and adequacy of the Dodd-Frank Act is examined.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was created in 2010 as a response to the financial crisis of 2008. The government agency was established by the Dodd-Frank Act which President Barack Obama passed as a means of controlling and preventing excessive risk-taking ("Wall Street Reform: The Dodd-Frank Act"). The financial crisis occurred in part because of the limited regulation of financial institutions and the wave of irresponsible mortgage lending (The Economist). Subprime borrowers with poor credit histories and insufficient funds for repaying the loans were allowed to borrow money which they could not pay back, thus in turn initiating a nationwide housing market crash (The Economist). Many of these borrowers were granted these loans because of the poor judgement of banks and financial institutions, thus the government needed to create an institution which would protect consumers against unfair and deceptive practices. The mission of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is just that-to protect consumers in the financial marketplace by enforcing federal consumer financial laws (CFPB, 2016). In order to achieve this, the bureau monitors the financial market for potential risks to consumers and supervises companies in order to uncover institutions practicing abusive and fraudulent acts. Developing laws to create a fair market place is a top priority of the bureau, as it works to enforce these rules and regulations and make them more effective. The agency also conducts

In 2008, when the financial crisis occurred, millions of Americans were left without jobs and trillions of dollars of wealth was lost wealth. To make sure the Great Recession would not happen again, President Barrack Obama put into effect the Dodd- Frank Act. With the help of this law, banks will not be able to take irresponsible risks that had negative effects on the American people. Furthermore, with the Volcker Rule embedded into the act, it will ensure that banks are no longer allowed to own, invest, or sponsor hedge funds, private equity funds, or proprietary trading operations for their own profit, unrelated to serving their

While Dodd Frank was held as an act that would increase capital and liquidity buffers banks held and reign in the risky behavior of financial institutions. In doing so it has cost a heavy burden to bank in the form of compliance cost and implications about its future impact on households and the financial sector. Listed are the six key provisions of Dodd Frank, in each highlighted area the pros and cons of that key aspect that will be discussed.

"Too Big to Fail" took a fictional approach as it followed the "United States Treasury Secretary as he struggled to make the big decision to bailout large, failing Wall street companies. It was based off a series of factual events, however, it was presented in the form of a movie with its own level of fictional emotions and events. Though this was meant to be an informative movie, it was a drama movie none the less and like most movies there has to be a protagonist and antagonist. It was clear that the protagonist in this film was US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and the antagonist were the CEOs of the failing Wall Street companies. The movie implies

I recognize there are certain situations where the government should contribute financial assistance in preventing massive companies from failing, because some companies provide economic stability and are too important to fail. However, an accurate determination of the national economic damages that a corporation’s bankruptcy may produce should be imperative in justifying whether a bailout is legitimate. An extensive corporation’s bankruptcy may have conflicting impacts on the economy such as; an increase in national unemployment rates, reduction of gross national profits and gross domestic products output. These plus countless other factors overtime could possibly influence a weakening in our economic system trickling down to the value of

“Too Big to fail” was first known in a 1984 Congressional hearing where Congressman Stewart McKinney discussed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s intervention with Continental IIIinois. The idea interprates that certain financial institutions are so large, if any of them fails, it will bring an unexpected disastrous effect to the economy. As we all known, the 2008 financial crisis had arose the “too big to fail” problem to the peak controversial point. Banks, insurance companies, auto companies are part of the big company industry. They make profit by creating and selling complicated derivatives and trading loans, commodities and stocks. When the big economic environment is prosperous, those big companies make a competitive

In this essay I will be addressing the “Too Big To Fail” (TBTF) problem in the current banking system. I will be discussing the risks associated with this policy, and the real problems behind it. I will then examine some solutions that have been proposed to solve the “too big to fail” problem. The policy ‘too big to fail’ refers to the idea that a bank has become so large that its failure could cause a disastrous effect to the rest of the economy, and so the government will provide assistance, in the form of perhaps a bailout/oversee a merger, to prevent this from happening. This is to protect the creditors and allow the bank to continue operating. If a bank does fail then this could cause a domino effect throughout

The act encouraged banks to lend to low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. While this was an admirable goal, some believe that to meet quotas established by this act, banks were forced to engage in imprudent lending. In the 1980s, coming off a recession, Congress enacted several laws designed to promote free enterprise by reducing regulations. One of these laws was the Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act of 1982, an act that permitted the creation of adjustable rate mortgages, balloon mortgages, and negative amortization mortgages. These would be the types of mortgages that would create what became the subprime crisis, as buyers who did not qualify for standard mortgages, at prime interest rates, would be attracted to these higher-interest-rate mortgages and eventually default on them.