Bighorn Sheep Population

In 1873, the winchester rifle was made, or “the gun that won the West.” “The perfection of modern breech-loading rifles” was one of the biggest reasons why the bison population decreased exponentially. As a result of this technology, one hunter would have able to kill thousands of bison in one season. This number accounts for a huge drop in the population of the bison. “[W]hite hunters who arrived on the trains killed hundreds of buffalo for sport or to obtain their valuable hides, often shooting from railcar windows.” Hunters on the way to the west often killed herds of bison running alongside the train. This accounts for a medium sized decrease in the population of the bison. As a direct result of the perfection guns, hunters could kill many more bison than they once could. Because it was so easy to kill the bison, the population of the bison dropped astronomically with two

In a large, randomly mating population where mutations, migration, and natural selection are no longer viable, the allele and genotypic frequencies will remain at equilibrium. If any of these conditions are changed, then the allele and genotype frequencies will be unable to maintain genetic equilibrium.

From the data we can conclude that different traits or parameters can effect a population in many different ways. It can decrease or increase a population depending on the trait. After a hurricane hits Lake Malawi the cichlid fish male population must adapt to the new factors that have been put upon them. Mutation within the population supports the fact that it can cause dominant and recessive allele frequency to decrease. Migration causes the allele frequency to lower as well due to movement of the population after the hurricane. The cichlid male fish with a higher fitness are more suitable for their environment, but when their fitness is lowered, their allele frequency decreases. This

Steinberg begins his analysis by de-tailing the vast landscape of American territory the Buffalo inhabited. Steinberg claims as late as the 1830s Buffalo was found in the eastern part of the United States before they migrated west to the Great Plains. The Plains grassy landscape made for a formidable habit for the Buffalo. Steinberg States past estimates of the Buffalo population around 1871 was estimated at 75 mil-lion but have been since scaled down to 27 million. Both authors detail the major predators of Buffalo in the region were Native Americans, white settlers, and wolves which also roamed the planes during the 19th century. The scope and size of a Buffalo herd is a marvel to behold in terms of size and scope as one observer details “a herd of buffalo in Kansas are reportedly took five full days to venture

Once one of the numerous mammals of all time, by the late 1800s bison as we knew they were nearly extinct. We began setting up preserves for them to live safely. We also bred bison in captivity for their meat. Their life span has gone up since being in captivity; from 10 years in the wilderness to around 20 in resorts. In the late 1900s farmers bred their “meat” bison with their cattle, hoping to produce better meat. The problem? When you breed bison and cattle, you get infertile hybrids. Therefore, leading to an impact on the bison population.

The phenomenon of culling spikes on high fence ranches has been researched intensively for the past fifty years with good arguments on both sides. However, culling spikes may be a little too extreme since they can become a marketable animal in the future. Allowing them to mature is essential to see what they can be before considering them a cull. Culling spikes in certain areas can potentially decrease the density of a herd in arid environments where fawn crops are erratic. Nutrition of the doe is equally important as the buck in improving herd genetic quality. Therefore, the culling of spikes is not necessary to improve the genetic quality of a herd, but to give the spike an extra year of development to allow him to catch up with his genetic

They have traditionally been viewed as competitors with cattle for rangeland resources, so eradication programs have reduced populations to less than two percent of those several decades ago (Whicker and Detling 1988). The Colorado Parks and Wildlife have now deemed this keystone species as a species of concern due to sylvatic plague, direct loss of habitat to urban/suburban development, habitat fragmentation, conversion of habitat to agricultural uses, systematic poisoning, recreational shooting, and inadequate regulatory mechanisms. Our biggest concerns are focused on habitat loss and fragmentation and systematic poisoning and how they connect to Colorado’s growth in population.

For this experiment, my hypothesis was that the population was not going to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium over the course of three generations. This is because in Rendel’s literature, he states that disturbances of mating can appear due to gene changes which can give rise to drastic fitness reductions of the animals that have been

The first problem is that deer are starting to become overpopulated in many states. (5) It is a growing problem because there is over 20 million now in the US compared to the 1900s there were only over 3 million. (5)The population grew by 3 million, in the early 1900s, to over 30 million, in the mid-1990s. (8) There are too many deer in certain places that plants are getting very damaged. (8) This could cause loss of materials for humans. (8) Each year, on average,

In the 16th Century, North America was swarming with a surplus of buffalo that grew to be about 25-30 million of these wild beasts roaming the Great Plains although, that all quickly changed by the late 1900s when only hundreds were left standing in the United States.(Scott 1) The largest contributing factor to the extermination of the Great Plain buffalo was the advancement of civilization along with all of its elements of destructiveness to nature and man’s own selfish concern with expansion and economical gain while overrunning the buffaloes home and gradually sweeping these creatures away. The United States government's inexcusable role in failing to provide the necessary adequate protective measures to preserve the american bison ultimately spawned many severe consequences that worsened the situation of the buffalo. The National Government and the western states nor territories did not stop mans reckless greed for wealth and power over the buffalo and of the native americans. The home of the buffalo was slowly becoming over run by man with firepower.

There is another side to the biodiversity of the evolutionary field, as the population weakens the species start the inbreeding of smaller populations, thus playing a role in the extinction of a species. Inbreeding is reproduction among members of a species that are genetically similar. The genetic inbreeding is designed to bolster populations of species whose numbers are in decline. However, when only a few species or varieties of a species are cultivated or survive, the genetic diversity of the organism declines, and population is more vulnerable to being wiped out by new diseases or climate changes because of the inbreeding (Alters, 2000).

observed in 2014 that calf: cow ratios of the Pacific walrus between 1960 and 2010 tended to be smaller when populations were larger. Calf: cow ratio estimates are arguably an effective method of indicating the optimum sustainable population for Pacific walruses (MacCracken et al., 2014). The calf: cow ratio of Pacific walrus was decreasing at a rate of about 63% when the population was at maximum net productivity level (MNPL) and rising, the calf: cow ratio was increasing at a rate of about 41% when the population was at MNPL and falling, and the calf: cow ratio changed at a rate of about 40% when the population was as far from MNPL as possible in either direction (MacCracken et al.,

‘Of Chimaeras and other myths’ is my reaction to the unregulated and prevalent interspecies crossbreeding applications which currently affects our fool, health, environment and our genetic make-up.

I decided to write about inbreeding because for some reason I find it very interesting on how inbreeding is wrong and how it causes genetic problems. I've been watching a show called "Game of Thrones" this man sleeps with all his daughters and they have children but he only keeps the girl daughters and keeps breeding with them so he is the only man but it's weird knowing that he is inbreeding with his daughters. So inbreeding is the reproduction off an offspring of two people who are related or close genetically. When you do breed with someone that close of genetics you increase or can increase your offspring to have deleterious or recessive traits. Animals can also be inbreeded and still to this day people do this for their stock, but the

Inbreeding depression is a widely-studied topic in the fields of not only genetics, but as well as the fields of biology, ecology, etc. Directly speaking, inbreeding depression results in the loss or reduced expression of a trait due to the mating between two closely related organisms (Hartl 547). As of today, there are a plethora of studies and evidence that explain how and why inbreeding occurs within populations even though it is deleterious for the populations. However, several of these experiments are done in an unnatural environment or researchers have manipulated data in a way to deem the results not truly representative (JM Pemberton et al.,2016). It is vital to discover and understand the inbreeding depression of organisms in natural conditions so that this area of study is accurately represented by reasonable data and the knowledge of this topic can be expanded accurately. The article, “Inbreeding Depression by Environment Interactions in a Free-living Mammal Population” published in Heredity in November 2016, discusses research done on a population of sheep in St. Kilda in attempt to discover inbreeding depression by environment interaction with unmanipulated and true data. The sheep live on an isolated island, so it is assumed that inbreeding is high in the population and genetic variation is low as well.