Bilateral Hypoventilation Case Study

PCO2 decreased during rapid breathing because more CO2 was removed from the blood than normal. Each breath expels a certain amount of CO2. If the breathing rate increases, then more CO2 is expelled.

It results when one or both of these gas-exchanging functions are inadequate . It is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying pathology affecting lung tissue function, 02 delivery, cardiac output, or the baseline metabolic state. It is a condition that occurs because of one or more diseases involving the lungs or other body systems. Symptoms of this is hypoexia and hypercapnia.

Both rapid, shallow breathing patterns and hypoventilation effect gas exchange. Arterial blood gases will be monitored and changes discussed with provider. Alteration in PaCO2 and PaO2 levels are signs of respiratory failure. Patient’s body position will be properly aligned for optimum respiratory excursion, this promotes lung expansion and improved air exchange. Patient will be suctioned as needed to clear secretions and maintain patent airways. The expected outcome is that the patient’s airway and gas exchange will be maintained as evidence by normal arterial blood gases (Herdman,

The Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome or CCHS is categorized as a parasomnia. Such sleep disorders are the symptoms of central nervous system activation that are generally "transmitted through skeletal muscle or autonomic nervous system channels" ("The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual" 19). CCHS is an uncommon syndrome that is mostly present from the time of birth. It is widely defined as the malfunctioning of automatic control of breathing. The affected individuals have missing or insignificant "ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia and hypoxaemia during sleep and wakefulness" (Chen, and Keens 182). This is the reason why patients with CCHS experience progressive hypercapnia and hypoxaemia during sleep (Chen, and Keens 182).

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

Tachycardia: Tachycardia typically refers to a heart rate that exceeds the normal range for a resting heart rate. When the heart beats rapidly, the heart pumps less efficiently and provides less blood flow to the body and the heart. The rapid heartbeat increases the workload and oxygen demand of the heart. Problems will occur with the heart as tachycardia persists over time. The heart is maintaining less oxygen, which will lead to an MI due to death of the myocardial cells. Patient will start to have angina because of this. Tachycardia is noted in many diseases and disorder like: fever endocarditis, anemia, HTN, pericarditis, abnormal heart impulses, anxiety, older age, sleep apnea, COPD, electrolyte imbalances, and many more.

Introduction: Heart rate is the measure of beats the heart pumps per minute. A resting heart rate for a normal healthy individual is between 60-100. If the resting heart rate is above 100 it could be a result of Tachycardia and if it is below 60 it could be a result of Bradycardia. Heart rate can fluctuate due to over all health, whether you active or sedentary, or through certain substances we put in our bodies.

Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This may lead to the accumulation of fibrous tissue and the fluid will move towards the dependant area and collapse the adjacent lung.

A hemothorax is a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung. The medical term for this space is the pleural cavity. It is also called the pleural space. The most common cause for this condition is a chest injury. It can also happen from:

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of heart arrhythmia and often called AFib or AF. It is defined as the irregular rhythm of the heartbeat. During AFib, the heart can beat too fast or too slow. This irregular heartbeat can lead to stroke or other heart-related complications.

* Heart rate - s the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as beats per minute (bpm).

An dysrhythmia of the heart is an irregular heartbeat rhythm. Ventricular tachycardia is an dysrhythmia in which the lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, beat unusually fast.

The cardiac cycle describes the coordinated and rhythmic series of muscular contractions associated with the normal heart beat.

Imagine waking up in the morning to the discomfort of not being able to take a proper ventilation. Horrible, right? This is what people who have pleural effusions feel. I chose to do my paper on pleural effusions. Pleural effusions are a collection of fluid in the pleural space, the cavity surrounding the lungs. Typically, there is 10 mL of fluid in this space to lubricate the pleura, however when disrupted by diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolisms, congestive heart failure, or cancer, fluid begins to third space and collect in abnormal amounts. The biggest challenge then becomes dyspnea and tachypnea. This is because the extra fluid decreases pressure making it difficult for the lung to fully expand. Pleural effusions

The heart is one of the most important organs in an organism’s body, no matter if they are aquatic, amphibian, or a mammal. This super organ works automatically, able to pump massive amounts of oxygen rich blood through the body by means of electrical impulses and the opening and closing of valves within its many layers. It is what keeps us and every other creature on this earth alive; so it is only natural for one to fear when there might be a problem with one’s heart. A cardiac arrhythmia can happen to anyone, no matter the age, race, or gender, and as such, doctors and scientist have spent years trying to better understand the heart and the way it functions so that they can try to prevent these problems and save millions of lives.