Bilingual Nurse Practitioners As Latin American Populations

State law is made up of two different forms: statues and regulations (Buppert, 2015). Under the established rules and regulations, an ARNP can: (a) monitor and alter drug therapies; (b) initiate therapies for certain diagnosis’; (c) perform additional functions as may be determined by rule; (d) and order diagnostic tests and appropriate therapies (The Florida Legislature, 2016). A practitioner licensed under chapters 458, 459 or 466, must maintain supervision for directing certain course and medical treatment (The Florida Legislature, 2016). Within the context of advanced nursing practice and the Florida Statues chapter 464.003(2), an ARNP may diagnosis, treat, alter medication regimes, diagnose, prescribe and operate, which are approved by a joint committee composed of three members appointed by the Board of Nursing, three members appointed by the Board of Medicine and the State Surgeon General or his/her designee (The Florida Legislature, 2016). On the other hand, the federal government regulates nurse practitioner practice through statutes passed by Congress and regulations (Buppert, 2015). According to Buppert (2015), federal law can override state law, and when federal and state law conflict with one another, federal law usually triumphs. Due to these state and federal statutes and regulations, this can impose a huge threat and impact to NP practice since the BON and the Nurse Practice Act usually help

Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group, estimated to be 54 million living in the United States of America. (Office of Minority Health and Health Equity). They work very hard to make both ends meet and also to stay in good health. They are relatively as a source of cheap labor in the American labor market This paper will dwell more on the Hispanic current Health status, how health promotion is described by the group and what health disparities exists for this group.

The health issues resulting from health disparities present on the Latinos and Hispanics in America are diverse. In the Hispanic community, diabetes is one of the major causes of death and illness. The language barrier, hard access to health and preventive care and cultural barriers are factors that contribute to this disparity. (Ritter & Hoffman, 2010).

Approximately 1 in 6 individuals are Hispanic in the United States, and the population is expected to grow to 1 in 4 by 2035 (CDC, 2015). Given that, Hispanics are the biggest minority group in the US (CDC, 2015). The leading cause of death among the Hispanic population is heart disease and cancer responsible for around 2 out of 5 deaths (CDC, 2015). Hispanics have a 50% greater chance of death resulting from diabetes or liver disease than whites (CDC, 2015). Additionally, there are 3 times as more uninsured Hispanics than whites (CDC, 2015). According to the US average, whites are 15 years older than the Latino population, so prevention will greatly benefit the health of the Latino population (CDC, 2015).

According to the Pearson Report, there is a total of 147,295 Nurse Practitioners throughout the United States (Pearson, 2009). However, for NPs in some states the battle continues over some forms of prescriptive authority or physician involvement in NP prescribing, such as the state of Pennsylvania. State regulatory approaches to NP prescribing range from no authorization for prescribing (in Georgia, 2006 legislation passed which recognized NPs as prescribers, but the rules have not been approved at the time of this writing) to unencumbered prescriptive authority (Arizona, DC, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming) (Lugo, O’Grady, Hodnicki & Hanson, 2007).

Iannotta, Joah G. Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, D.C.: National Academies, 2002. Print.

The Hispanic community in the largest minority in the USA and the fastest growing, it is also one with a high incidence of preventable diseases such as Diabetes, periodontitis, colorectal cancer and HIV. Obesity and teen age pregnancy are significantly more prevalent in Hispanic/Latino population as well. Rate of vaccination is also below that of the majority of the population. Addressing their health care makes good public health and economic sense.

The Texas Nurses Association is a strong proponent of permitting APRN’s to practice with full authority using their clinical skills and education to their fullest potential (Cates, 2017, p. 2)l. The TNA is a member of the APRN Alliance, which encompasses four statewide associations (Cates, 2017, p. 2). The APRN Alliance joined forces with the Coalition for Health Care Access (CHCA). This coalition is comprised of “over 20 business, consumer-advocacy, and health care stakeholder groups” (Cusack, 2017, p. 2). Currently, APRN’s barriers include expenses associated with partnering physicians (Holmes & Kinsey-Weathers, 2016). Granting APRN’s full practice authority would results in a monetary loss to these physicians. The AMA and AAFP oppose the passing of HB 1415 (Hooker & Muchow, 2015, p. 89). The pushback from these organizations stands regardless of strong evidence of the positive outcomes with allowing APRN’s full practice authority.

For men, preventive care should be focused on cessation of smoking and alcohol using and diet for men. Males in this target group told me that they work long hours on physically demanding jobs each day, but their diet is unhealthy because of financial issues and they smoke and drink a lot because of great pressure on them. Men who were checked had generally high blood pressure and BMI. For women in this population, they told me they spent much time at home taking care of their children and purchase cheap fast food. Their blood pressure and BMI both were also very high. I asked them whether they purchased health insurance, but many of them just slipped away or did not want to tell me, but some of them did have interest in free clinical service. Many of them told me that they like spicy food and Cola, so for them, they should be encouraged to cook healthy food with low sodium and more vegetables, eat less fast food and maintain regular exercise everyday. For those men who smoke or drink a lot, they need to be encouraged to cut down on them as soon as possible. According to the research of Otiniano et al. (2003), Mexican Americans were reported to have a greater incidence of heart attack related to high blood pressure and obesity, but had a decreased prevalence of self-reported heart attack than Non-Hispanic whites due to the low socioeconomic status and less education. It seems that low socioeconomic status and less education are the major

Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group and there are estimated to be about 54 million living in the United States (Office of Minority Health & Health Equity, YEAR). The Hispanics are a minority group that struggle every day to survive, to provide for their families, to stay healthy and to live quality lives. This paper will discuss the Hispanics current health status, how health promotion is defined by the Hispanics and what health disparities exist for the Hispanics. Lastly, this paper will discuss the three levels of health prevention and their effectiveness given the unique

In Georgia, Nurse Practitioners practice is regulated by the nursing board and is restricted. NPs are not allowed the same autonomy as other states and their capability to practice independently is not supported. According to American Associate of Nurse Practitioners (2017), restricted practice is when state practice and licensure law install limitations on the NP’s ability to practice to the full extent of their training and education. Today Georgia’s NPs are required to work collaboratively with a physician which restricts their ability. I believe that NPs are educated and competent to deliver quality care without physician oversight. Removing practice barriers can promote optimal role fulfillment and assessment for the NP providing

Recent research suggests that Mexican Americans are surprisingly healthy. Markides and Coreil (1986) find that “the health status of Hispanics in the Southwest is much more similar to the health status of other whites than that of blacks although socioeconomically, the status of Hispanics is closer to that of blacks” (253). Statistics gathered from the (National Vital Statistics Reports; Vol. 52, No. 3) All Hispanic males (age adjusted) mortality rate are 802.5 vs. non-Hispanic whites at 1012.8, and Non-Hispanic Blacks 1393.7. All Hispanic females 544.2, vs. Non-Hispanic females 71.3, and Non-Hispanic Black females 925.5.

The presence of nurse practitioners (NP) in health care has been necessary for more than five decades. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) indicates that there are over 205,000 NPs in the United States being utilized by Americans for their health care needs (AANP, 2015). NPs are a vital part of the modern health care system and are accepted by both health care consumers and other health care providers (Fairman, 2015). A study performed by Hart and Mirabella (2015), of emergency department patients determined that patients were satisfied with treatment by a NP in the past and were willing to receive treatment from the NP during their current visit. A study conducted in emergency departments in Canada indicated that NPs demonstrate attentiveness, comprehensive care, and role clarity (Thrasher 2008). These positive characteristics are critical components of patient satisfaction. Additionally, NPs have been utilized more especially with more American developing insurance coverage through health care reform. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (2013), those seeking services in primary care is expected to continually rise through 2020. This increased demand is largely due to the growth of an aging population and from the Affordable Care Act increase in insurance benefits. The Affordable Care Act, along with the shortage of primary care physicians, has expanded the role of the nurse

Currently, the law requires NPs to obtain physician approval during care of a patient that include managing patient health, conducting assessments, ordering/prescribing medications, lab tests, and medical devices with the supervision of a physician or surgeon. The requirement makes it challenging for NPs to provide care and limits the accessibility of care

Hispanics Americans (Mexicans, Puerto Rican, Cubans and people from Central and South America) are the largest racial and ethnic minority group in the United States. Similar, to other ethnic groups in the country, Latinos are disproportionately affected by multiple social determinants, such as poor living conditions, cultural values, socioeconomic and immigration status to mention a few. Consequently, they exert negatively in the health status of individuals among this unique population(Velasco-Mondragon, Jimenez, Palladino-Davis, Davis, & Escamilla-Cejudo, 2016).