Billy Goat Trail Essay

     Herman Melville’s Billy Budd is a classic tale of innocence and evil. The main force of innocence is constantly attacked by the force of evil until the innocence falters. Through the use of many literary devices, Melville shows how sometimes the obvious results do not always occur when they are being expected. However, he also shows that the force of all that is good and righteous will triumph over evil at the end, even over death.

According to the theory of “Pangaea,” the world was once a single mega-continent that contained all the dry land about 225 million years ago. North America was shaped by the majestic Canadian Shield about 10 million years ago.

Between 280 million and 225 million years ago, the earth’s previously separated land areas became welded into a landmass called Pangaea. About 120 million years ago, due to the continental drift, this landmass began to separate. It split the old world and the new world apart, which dividing North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. The separation lasted for million years that it fostered divergent evolution. The new world and the old world’s biological evolution followed individual paths, becoming two separate biological worlds. However, after 1492, human voyagers reversed this tendency. In October 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew landed in Bahamas. After Columbus arrived in

Firstly, the passage counts distortion in Gulf Steam as a main reason for Little Ice Age advent. However, lecture states all the alternations have merely effected north part of America and Europe and not all the parts of this terrestrial globe namely South Africa and New Zealand; were all have been unaffected

Millions of years ago according to scientist the whole world was one large mass called Pangea. When this mass began to split, it divided the Americas from the Eastern World along with the people on it. This resulted in tens of thousands years apart from one another which led to different developments on each continent. After all these years though a man named Columbus’s discovers the Americas in 1492. As soon as he took

Florida and Shenandoah National Park have many commonalities as well as differences that makes each of these geologic setting unique. Though North America looks like Florida and Shenandoah National Park never seemed to collide with one another, Shenandoah has a rock record of being about 1 billion years old that constructed the North American continent and a building block that formed the Appalachians through orogenies. Florida falls about 300 million years old with the North American plate, however findings that were part of Gondwana provides evidence of the origin of Florida. With a vast time difference of these rock records, what can be furthered analyzed of what the

In New England, the Trail is both rocky and steep, and sometimes muddy and root-obstructed as well. The mid-Atlantic states have the lowest mountains, where the trail frequently leads along rocky ridges. The South has the highest mountains on the Trail, but those mountains have deep soils that allow for switchbacks. Lengthy, graded ascents and descents are frequent.

The Mesozoic tectonic history of the North American Cordilleran region is very complex and involves:

As I looked out the window, I saw walls of rocks all over the place. I also saw a lot of good rock exposure on the top of the mountain where the rock was to steep for the snow to stick to. You will notice that Mount Baker has an abundance of all sorts of rocks. From the rocks I examined I observed a lot of extrusive igneous rock, metamorphic rock and sedimentary rocks and you will find few places where you can walk continuously from shale or basalt into well-metamorphosed gneiss (Tabor & Haugerud). I observed rocks such as gabbro, shale, and types of extrusive and intrusive igneous rock such as basalt. The ages of the rocks range from about as old as the mountain, which is about 140,000 years old.

The latest rocks in this region were formed in Pleistocene time as imperfectly consolidated gravel of river terraces and alluvial deposits of the

Analyses from 7,300 years ago at the Hawken site in northeast Wyoming do not match with the hypothesis of a dry Altithermal, though this may be limited to the site from which the data was collected, and not representative of the entire High Plains area (Lovvorn, Frison, and Teiszen 2001).

Migration of humans is not a new concept, from hunter gather tribes, to colonists of the Americas, to those migrating west on the Mormon, Oregon, and California trails. However, the motivations and end goals for those travelling westward differentiated them greatly. For those on the California trail: prosperity. For those heading to Utah on the Mormon trail: religious freedom. In the early republic, with new territory being acquired by the United States westward expansion was driven by population growth and economic opportunity. With cities growing larger, land was growing scarce once again. With the federal government selling land in the newly acquired territory, many took advantage and headed westward. Later on as the country neared the

This formation is a very fine grain Mississippian limestone. To test to see if this was the Bangor formation we used HCL and because there was a reaction we know its limestone. This formation could also be described as gray in color as well as an average thickness of 700 feet. We see the Bangor until stop eight, where we see a very different vertical bedding. Also different at stop eight is the outcrop no longer reacts with HCL. From this we gathered that we had moved into the Hartselle formation. In the Hartselle Formation, Mississippian aged sandstones are dominant. This particular stop had a large amount of jointing. After the Hartselle, we figured the Pride Mountain Formation would be next, however at stop nine we see the Maury Formation present. This stop focused on the rock located inside the creek. Because we were unable to go into the creek to get the strike and dips, we once again had to do a projected orientation. Also found on this stop were natural sulfur springs, easy to notice with the smell that it gives off. The Maury formation consist of Mississippian- Silurian aged shale. At the next stop, stop 10, we encounter the Ft. Payne formation. Although this area location was thickly vegetated, we were able to conduct the acid test and saw that the HCL reacts in some places but not all. From this we concluded that this was the cherty limestone of the Ft. Payne formation. The following stop, 12, we went up section and arrived at the Maury Formation once again. At the final stop, location 13, we see Ft. Payne Formation. All of the metamorphism and deformation in the southernmost Appalachians can be related to the movement of the thrust sheets and stacks (Higgins,

The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils because amphibians that look dissimilar to fish were discovered in 365 million year old rocks, while fish without amphibian characteristics were discovered in 385 million year old rocks. Thus, it is possible that the evolutionary intermediary, or the “missing link” between fish and amphibians, would be discovered in 375 million year old rocks, between the two time periods. The rocks examined were sedimentary in composition, as the gradual and relatively gentle formation of sedimentary rock under conditions of mild pressure and low heat are conducive to the fossilization of animal remains. Sedimentary rock is also often formed in rivers and seas, where animals are likely to live. This site provides a resource that describes means by which fossils are formed and how the fossil record may be interpreted, and shows some examples of fossils demonstrating evolution through geological periods: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossilrecord.htm. In 2004, Shubin and his colleagues were looking for fossils on Ellesmere Island, in northern Canada. This location was chosen because of its lack of human development, as well as of obstructing natural formations and life forms such as trees, which

In the middle of the eighteenth century, James Hutton proposed a theory, uniformitarianism; “the present is the key to the past”. It held that processes such as geologic forces- gradual and catastrophic-occurring in the present were the same that operated in the past. (Matt Rosenberg, 2004) This theory coincides with the theory of Continental Drift that was first proposed by Abraham Ortelius in December 1596, who suggested that North, South America, Africa and Eurasia were once connected but had been torn apart by earthquakes and floods. He also discovered that the coasts of the eastern part of South America and the