The following measures were collected in the first week when nothing was presented to any participants. This pre-test was an in-person testing that occurred in the Aston University library, Sheets were presented in the orders described below to participants in both group.
Study on alcohol consumption amongst students (Appendix A). Participants were asked to recall the units of alcohol they consumed in the previous week. This item was reported within descriptive statistics as alcohol consumption recorded for me to analyse later on.
Study on attitudes towards binge drinking (Appendix B). Participants were asked to imagine themselves at a party drinking alcohol with friends. Participants then indicated how their friends would think of them
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These five questions (2-6) measures participants’ attitudes. Afterwards, question 3 asked participants to indicate how confident they could drink more than 6 units in a single session from 1 (certain) to 7 (not certain at all) which measures participants’ self-efficacy. Similar to question 3, question 6, 7 and 9 also measures participants’ SE. Then, question 4 asked participants to specify what others important to them think whether they should drink more than 6 units in a single sitting from 1 (should) to 7 (should not), and this measures participants’ PBC. Similarly, question 5, 10 and 11 also measures participants’ perceived behavioural control. The last one is intention, question 8, 13, 14, and question 15 asked participants’ intention to drink more than 6 units in a single session.
3.3.2 The Second Week Measures
The following measures were collected in the second week, participants from the intervention group gained information about alcohol-drinking guidelines whereas the control group remained unaffected.
Study on alcohol consumption amongst students (Appendix A). Participants were asked to recall the units of alcohol they consumed in the previous week. Participants in the intervention group received information about alcohol-drinking
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Gill & O’May (2006) conducted a research which found that only 8% knew the sensible drinking guidelines for women, and 5% knew the sensible drinking for men. Moreover, Gill & O’May (2007b) among sample of employees and university staff and students found that 49% of sample did not know or provided a wrong answer when asked about daily guidelines. UK Chief Medical Officers’ Alcohol Guidelines Review (2016) recommended that people should drink no more than 14 units per week in order to keep health risks from drinking alcohol to a low level. Plus, men and women who wish to stay healthy from single occasion drinking should drink slowly, drink with food, water, and avoid risky activities. In addition, Anderson et al. (2009) found that regulating marketing and availability of alcohol, regulating advertising can induce a reduction in harm. Similarly, presenting and promoting videos about alcohol drinking guidelines may also influence participants’ planned behaviour which is likely to cause a reduction in alcohol consumption.
Hypothesis: Information about sensible drinking and drinking guidelines has a significant impact on the actual alcohol consumption of participant in the following week. Such that: (Hypothesis a) Participants
The sample used was randomly picked out of undergraduates from on the universities in the project contacted first by mail. They samples were greeted with $10 incentive check and then contacted by email with 2 reminders behind them, with the university student database, from November 2010 through December reaching over 800 sample sizes. The response was less than expected with only totaling 347 participants. The demographics data final participants matches with the census data of the undergrads at the university population in general coming to 57.6% men versus 52.6%,60.2% younger than 20 years of age versus 66% percentages that were similar in ethnic group and academic status with 71.3% being off-campus versus 69%. Living location data was acquired for 298 respondents, showing a different in general alcohol use among those who line in SRA. The student sample was appropriate and generalizabilty would be better established by testing the model at other universities using deterrence
First of all, binge drinking has been a problem for some time now. It has climbed over the past few years, capturing more attention from the media. A study
The use of alcoholic beverages is very popular, especially with under-aged teenagers. They often get surrounded with the wrong friends, parties, or older people such as college students and begin to drink without earning information about the
Cook, Moore, and Yamada concluded that excessive drinking can affect the completion of high school and college. Wolaver concluded that binge drinking among males and females could risk receiving a lower GPA. A negative correlation was said to be found among females in college, versus a positive one on females who attended high school. With the use of standard regression analysis, by DeSimone, and Wolaver, they were able to find that GPA was lower by 0.4 for binge drinkers. The studies on GPA effected by drinking concluded that it had negative effect. First GPA was concluded by self-reported, second a cross sectional data was used. Add Health was used to study health – related “behavior of adolescent in grades 7 through 12”(Balsa). The study consisted of interviews that were done at home, and were re interviewed a year later (Balsa). “The main interest of this study was abstracted from GPA in school transcripts, which had a linkage to the respondents at each wave” (Balsa). CAPI/CASI questions were used during this process. Although results in males were negative, alcohol still had an effect on GPA. However, for females the coefficient was smaller for binge-drinking and excessive drinking. Male’s excessive alcohol use of 100 drinks per month was related with an increase of 4 % probability of difficulty in school. In “females the coefficient was positive and larger than males and out of four, five were statistically significant”
After researching ‘what is binge drinking’ I found that it is the consumption of a large amount of alcohol on a single occasion or drinking at a constant rate over a number of days or even weeks. Binge drinking is risky business. The powerful liquid known as alcohol has major effects on a person. Alcohol has the ability to wreck a person’s life and change it permanently. Alcohol impairs judgement making it easy for someone to do or say something that he or she will regret. For a male to binge drink he has to drink 5 or more standard drinks in a 2 hour period. For a female it is only 4 or more standard drinks in a 2 hour period. This could vary of the weight and age of the person. When conducting my survey I asked the participants how many drinks they believe classified as binge drinking.
The social cognitive theory can be effectively used in the curbing of the excessive alcohol use that has been noted amongst the students of Indiana University College. The social cognitive theory, according to scholars in the social and behavioral sciences, is conceptualized by understanding only five constructs which are; knowledge, perceived self-efficiency, outcome expectations, goal formation and socio-structural factors.
From the journal written by Caudwell, Mulan, and Hagger (2016) one way to decrease alcohol use in undergraduates is through developing “behavioral interventions
While rising a glass every now and then may be okay, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to extreme alcohol abuse and even alcoholism. The society we live in is strongly prejudiced by alcohol, and affects people of all ages, gender, and background. It has been uncovered to millionaires to the homeless. Alcohol abuse has been a problem throughout the history of humanity; it is a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with trouble, problems, and debts also pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughout the United States and the World. Alcoholism is a chronic disease, progressive and often turn fatal; it is a disorder and not due to other diseases or emotional problems. Many scientists have tried to pinpoint what Alcoholism is, and what this disease may be stemming from. Some people would dispute that alcoholism is only the over-consumption of alcohol; this statement is only somewhat true. An alcoholic is a person who relies on alcohol as a medium to help him or her deal with physical, emotional, or spiritual needs. It’s not always easy to see when drinking has crossed the line from moderate or social use to problem drinking. When dealing with Alcoholism a person over comes a lot of problems. Alcohol Abuse is high in the United States, “In the USA, 15% of Americans are problem drinkers, while between 5% to 10% of male and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol
A prominent topic that is being discussed through research done and surveys taken from students all over the United States is the topic of binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking, five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women, that raises the blood alcohol content (BAC) to 0.08 percent or higher (Nguyen, 2013). People that participate in this type of drinking are far more susceptible to drug use, drunk driving, suicide, alcohol poisoning, and sexually transmitted diseases (Nguyen, 2013). Studies also show that those who start drinking in their early teen years have a greater risk of worse outcomes as adults, such as problems with health and trouble attaining new information (Norström & Pape, 2012). Among college
Researchers used the survey method by using a binge drinking survey. The binge drinking survey was made to define 1 alcoholic drink as 1 ounce of hard liquor, 5 ounces of wine, or 12 ounces of beer. Questions throughout this survey assessed drinking behavior and consequences of drinking, including the hangover, missing class, falling behind in school work, and doing things that you should not have done. Results showed that 5 or more drinks were consumed in one sitting for males, and 4 or more drinks were consumed in one sitting for females. Another test that was used to collect results was a MAST (Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test). MAST is a yes or no questionnaire that measures drinking behaviors, and other problems that were associated with
Given that the current methods have failed to ensure a better way for people to drink consciously, it is advisable that a modern intervention is enforced to tackle the issue. The evidence provided will unfold the recommended intervention as not only effective in hazardous drinkers, but also those who are light or “responsible drinkers” and want to quit.
A Study of Alcohol Consumption and Binge-Drinking of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students in the United States found that despite a decline of alcohol use among these groups since 1975, drinking still remain high. About 64% or close to two thirds of twelve graders, 50% of 10th graders, and 25% of 8th grade students used alcohol within the last month of the study. However, within the past two-weeks of the study, 22% of 12th grade students, 14% and 6% of 10th and 8th graders respectively reported binge drinking (having 5 or more drinks in a row). However, it is a common trend for high school students to drink in excess more than once. As high as 64% of 12th graders, 62% of 10th graders, and 61% of 8th graders reported binge-drinking at least
\item Find out how much different attributes influence students' probability to be a drinker. It is meaningful to find out which attributes have a heavier impact on the probability of being a drinker, and then parents or teachers can help guide
In this study Hagsand et al screen 178 participants over the phone collecting information on age, gender, BM, education level, use of medicine, mood status, amount and frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking, and use of drugs. Any Participants who had poor physical or mental health were excluded, and the remaining were examined by a physician also completing a psychiatric symptom checklist. Participants were excluded if they had any current medical condition that required medication, psychiatric disorders or any history of psychosis, history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence, night-shift work, reported any currently harmful alcohol drinking habits. After the intense screening, there were 117 participants who qualified take part in the experiment. Participants in the control group consumed only orange juice, while participants in the alcohol group consumed alcohol (vodka,
students drink alcohol at least one time (2015). There is a study shows that alcohol is linked with memory (Blume, A. W., Schmaling, K. B. & Marlatt, G. A., 2005). This study explains that the amount of alcohol that person drink could lead to many problems such as facing difficulties in learning and remembering information. For example, a teacher made a test for his students about remembering the words that they took in the class, student who drink alcohol will forget most of the words because alcohol make the remembering process very difficult to them. Also, there is study includes 117 participants that are alcohol addicted and it shows that they will have better memory if they reduce the amount of drinking alcohol (2005). The article reports that teenagers are likely to Binge drinking which they drink before age 15 ( Haelle, 2015). Also, the Haelle wrote, “People forget what happens when they are drunk because alcohol makes it harder for the brain to turn short-term memories into long-term ones” ( Haelle, 2015)This quote shows that alcohol is an essential factor that can make teens forget easily. Also, there is a test that made to see what are some effects of alcohol. The test shows that there are changes in memory, emotion and personality (Welsh, 1997). As a result, teens have to avoid alcohol because it will effect on their memory. There is a fact shows that most teens drink above the limit of alcohol, “More than 80 percent have blood-alcohol levels above the legal limit