Bio 204 Basic Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam ( Fall 2016 ) Essay

The function of the connective tissue is to support, bind, cover, protect and give structure to the body.

P1: Outline the function of the main cells of the body. Cells are the main structure of the body as they all come together to form one cell. They are very important because without them, we wouldn’t be able to live. The cells carry out numerous of chemical reaction that we wouldn’t have heard of or even felt and it is simply done it on its own. Cells make up all the organs in the body.

“Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability or balance in a system. It is the body's attempt to maintain a constant internal environment. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change” (Human Physiology/Homeostasis, 2016). Negative feedback will operate to return Mrs. Loiselle’s body back to homeostasis in such a way her body, system responds in which it reverse the direction of changes. Since negative feedback tends to keep things constant, it allows the maintenance of homeostasis. As Mrs. Loiselle’s fainted by going for the run without eating something from last evening that made her week and she lost an enormous amount of energy in her exercise through sweating continuously. That made her dehydrated and because

Homeostasis is a characteristic of life in which all Living things maintain. some of the traits of Homeostasis are perspiration and some form of breathing and other natural body functions. An example of a negative feedback mechanism is a Thermostat If the heat is turned on and is set at 80 degrees the heat is turned on, If the temperature drops below 80 degrees, After the heater heats the house to 80 degrees, it shuts off keeping the desired temperature. An example of a positive feedback system is when a baby is born. while the mother is in labor, a hormone is released that boosts and quickens her contractions. The more contractions causes more of that Hormone to be let out and it continues to goes on until the

Use the lecture folder to help you complete this guide. The more detail you can provide the better prepared for the test you will be.

P4- Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body.

Homeostasis means keeping a constant internal environment in the body. Homeostasis reaches from every cell up to the whole of the organs and the systems.

1) Make a graph of resting heart rates from Activity 1. Provide a physiological explanation for fluctuations in resting heart rate over time. Discuss a couple of extrinsic factors that influence the autonomic nervous regulation of resting heart rate.

1. Compare and contrast how positive and negative feedback mechanisms are used to maintain homeostasis. Use these concepts to describe:

As Jim’s muscles are at maximum demand, his mitochondria are unable to produce the needed ATP through aerobic respiration because oxygen is unable to diffuse fast enough into his muscle fibers. At this time anaerobic

In this report i will be writing brief description on the functions of the main cell components of the body cell.

Homeostasis is a biological process that maintains a constant internal environment, regardless of what is going on in the external environment. This process ensures the bodily functions and chemicals are kept in a state of balance which in return allows the body to function optimally. Homeostasis requires coordination of the hormonal (endocrine system) and nervous systems, which together regulate the activity of the body’s organ systems. The regulatory activities are constantly adjusted in response to stimuli (change) from both the internal and external environment. A change influenced by the external environment can cause a state in the body that will take it away from the normal, the body will act to counteract this change and return the internal environment back to a steady state. This is negative feedback. Negative feedback has a stabilising effect reducing changes from a set point and returning internal conditions to a steady state. Most body systems e.g. controlling blood glucose levels, obtains homeostasis through negative feedback which makes the negative feedback system critically important in obtaining homeostasis. However there is also positive feedback which is a system that results in the escalation of a response to a stimulus. It causes instability in the system and is used when there is a specific outcome required. Positive feedback ceases once the natural resolution is reached e.g. baby is born, pathogen is destroyed, blood clot forms. This system is not used

Define equilibrium potential: Equilibrium channels can be calculated using the Nernst Equation and the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Equilibrium potentials are membrane potentials when an ion does not diffuse through the membrane. It is also associated with potassium leaving the cell through leak channels.

P1 – Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. A typical animal cell is seen as a tiny, three dimensional sac which is in fact made up of many components, each as important as the other. The microstructure of an animal cell was in fact uncovered mainly through the use of both cell fractionation and electron microscopy. Each main component has its own, individual function which helps a cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The components that I will be describing include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) and ribosomes.

This allows your cardiovascular centres in your brain a little bit more latitude as far as controlling your heart rate. If you were to remove a beating heart from someone's body you would find that the heart is no longer being suppressed by the parasympathetic nervous system and it will accelerate to the same pace as the sinoatrial node. The SA node generates action potentials approximately 100 times per minute due to the physiology of the heart, its own permeability to sodium and calcium via its channels, and a host of other things. Anywhere between 80 to 100 beats per minute is normal for the SA node.