Bio 315 Assment 1 Essay

The article seemed to imply that the parasite naturally occurs within the feline population. The article does not mention

Whipworms are parasites that are found in humans, dogs and cats. Also known as trichuris vulpis, but are one of the most common intestinal parasites in dogs and cats. They are ¼ inch long and live in the cecum and colon. The eggs can live up to months and years in just one environment. They are present in soil, food and water; as well as animal flesh and feces.

Toxocariasis is commonly known as the Roundworm Infection. With this species there are four different approaches of acquiring infection. Possible ways of infection include direct transmission (straight eating the eggs within stool), prenatal transmission (contamination while in utero), paratenic transmission (the transmission can occur with a and transmammary transmission (can be spread through the mammary glands like breastfeeding and placenta). Egg are left in the feces of dogs, from there they can be spread between 2-4 weeks. When dogs eat infectious eggs it allows the eggs to hatch and the larval form of the parasite to penetrate through the gut wall. In younger dogs, the larvae can travel via bloodstream by piercing a blood vessel in the gut wall. Once ingested, the eggs hatch, and the larvae enter the wall of the small intestine. Once larvae become mobile they can migrate through the host via circulatory system into the respiratory system into other organs and tissues within the body. When they enter the body they can become encyst (pretty

In comparison to the prevalence of nematodes and trematodes, studies show that presence of cestodes in small animals is not as prevalent as the former and most infection are mixed with the existence of one or more species of helminths (Lone, Chishti, Ahmad & Tak, 2012; Maichomo, Kagira & Walker, 2004). Kids have stunted growth due to the presence of tapeworms which these parasites compete with their nourishment (Smith, 2004).

The main way that this worm is transmitted to humans is because pigs eat food that is infected

Then, when the parasite’s victims swim in the water, snails release the larvae parasites into the water and they penetrate the person’s skin. Then, the parasites live in blood cells, and some grow up to attack organs and others go back into the water through poop.

It is a parasite from feces that can be found in soil, food or water. Water is the most common way of transmission. Humans are infected through ingestion of contaminated food or water. It can also be passed from person to person. Caregivers are at risk to receive this parasite after changing diapers filled with fecal matter. Also sexual activities that involve fecal contact may increase the risk of Giardiasis.

10. The risk factors and being extremely sick and developing the large growths. The biggest risks of getting this is people in tropical regions that are around bodies of water when it is getting dark. They are more likely because that the highest chance of getting bitten by a mosquito carrying the worm.

When in a new host the parasites find their way into the brain and that’s when the problems arise for humans and other animals. These parasites, however, cannot complete a life cycle in any other host besides cats so it is believed that they affect the brains of other organisms as a way to get back to their proper hosts. For example, in rats, this parasite can cause them to love the smell of cats. This results in rats changing their behavior and seeking out cats rather then running away from them.

Soil-transmitted helminths refer to the intestinal worms infecting humans that are transmitted through contaminated soil ("helminth" means parasitic worm),these infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the poorest and most deprived communities .it has also be noted that areas with low or no efficient sanitary means are also at high risk . Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) outline one of the most significant groups of infectious agents and are the foundation of serious global health risks. The most important STHs are roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale).

4. The life cycle of the Toxocara Canis: The nematode infects dogs but it is not going to affect them immediately after they leave the main host. Dogs can be affected in four different ways; by direct transmission ( ingesting the egg ) if that happens the egg hatches and migrates to the liver and then to the lungs by blood, Paratenic Host Transmission ( ingesting infected mice)if that happens the larvae were already developed and matured in the mice and only a small portion of larvae have tracheal migration and most of them go into the lungs then the pulmonary veins to the heart which is bad for blood circulation, Transmammary Transmission ( when puppies ingest their mother’s milk ) when that happens the larvae just go straight to the intestine and develop there, and Prenatal Transmission ( when the puppies are born infected) which is the most common one and when that happens larvae reaches the small intestine by moving from the lungs of the puppy to trachea, to the pharynx, where they are then swallowed and the larvae matures and grows in the small intestine.

Whereas microparasites can have highly visible effects, diseases caused by macroparasites are often more subtle, yet can still impact the host at the population level.*** Parasites may have less of a threat to the human race compared to viruses, but they still pose a threat to the human and its society for spreading to others. One particular parasite infection in the human race now is toxoplasma gondii, by the protozoan parasite. It is one of the most common parasitic infections of man and other warm-blooded animals. Nearly one-third of humanity has already been exposed to this parasite. In most adults it does not cause serious illness, but it can cause blindness and mental retardation in infected children and devastating disease in immunocompromised individuals. Most infections in humans are asymptomatic but at times the parasite can produce devastating disease. Once more, the parasite has probable cause to become a disease, even deadly ones. Toxoplasma gondii is already existent and spreading through many countries. It is an infectious parasite therefore, is has all the characteristics a parasite inquires. Not only can it rapidly spread, but also through higher population levels. If the toxoplasma gondii were to spread, and the parasite inhabits a new domain, it could become more prevalent and start to take over its host. . It has been understood that introduced parasites can directly cause the extinction of native hosts. It is the parasites

A parasitic disease occus when the animal is affected by the prescence of a parasite. An example of this disease is Coccidiosis is a highly contagious sporozoal infection in rabbits, with low prognosis of healing. It is caused by a protozoal parasite, Eimeria sp. As many as 25 species of coccidia have been observed in the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit; it should, however, be noted that in some cases, one and the same coccidia has been given several names. Eimeria sp. parasites are highly host, organ and tissue specific and do rarely represent a zoonotic danger for human beings.Healthy rabbits can be asymptomatic "carriers" of the protozoa. The oocysts (eggs), shed with the feces, will contaminate the environment, food and water. Although

American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease was discovered by the Brazilian physician Carlos R. J. Chagas in 1909. Chagas disease is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mostly transmitted during a meal blood of blood‑sucking triatomine insects (kissing bugs). Triatomine insects have wide variety of hosts such as skunks, dogs, cats, armadillos, goats, sheep, which serve as a reservoir of the disease (Nouvellet et al. 2013). Inside of the triatomine insects occurs the

John has come to the doctor office, report to have intense painful, burning sensation for a few days, and blister was observed under his right foot that was recently ruptured. A small, threadlike worm was observed. John told the doctor that he has been working in African tropical forest for almost 2 years, and was recently got transfer back to the United States. He also develop a fever, swelling, nausea and vomiting.