Bio-319 Final Exam study guide

Directions: Read the captioned book. Then answer the questions contained in this study guide. Post your completed document to the appropriate assignment box on the course website.

Use the lecture folder to help you complete this guide. The more detail you can provide the better prepared for the test you will be.

This study guide is a tool designed to prepare students for the Topic 1 Quiz. Instructors will grade the study guide for completion, not for accuracy.

In eukaryotes, stored primarily in the cell nucleus. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose.

After reading the course resources, answer questions 1-10. (10 points each)
Please take time to answer each question completely.

You have until the end of class to finish this test. The questions should be fairly self-explanatory, however, if you have a question ask.

(Please see your Study Reference Guide on pages 619-6-1 and 619-6-2 to answer the following questions.)

This study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. In addition, refer to each week’s readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination.

YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE, FIND THE LOCATION AND AREA OF THE CONCEPTS TO STUDY AND USE THIS GUIDE TO INSURE YOUR SUCCESS FOR THE FINAL EXAM.

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can become a problem and should be a significant concern for health care providers. Some of the nutrients of concern include: Vitamin B-12, Iron, Omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. A deficiency in any of these can lead to a variety of health problems. A deficiency in B-12 can cause fatigue and, although less likely, anemia. The risk of anemia is increased greatly in the presence of inflammatory bowl disease. Deficiency of Omega-3 fatty acid, which is also of concern with a vegetarian diet, increases the risk of both colitis and Crohn’s disease. An increased homocysteine level, which is an early sign of heart disease, is also associated with low levels of vitamin B12. Iron deficiency is also problematic for vegetarians, possibly leading to iron deficiency anemia. While it is found in some beans and vegetables, iron is most easily absorbed from red meat sources. Zinc is a mineral required for many processes, including supporting a healthy immune system. Deficiencies will cause patients to be more susceptible to pathogens and

Unfortunately, obesity has become somewhat of a lifestyle disease in the past few decades. This means that people tend to lead dangerous and/or dismissive lifestyles that lead to high weight gain. On top of this stress, it’s not a secret that losing said weight is a long and strenuous task for most people. Most people simply don’t have the time and energy to spend hours at the gym several times a week, so they fail to shed those pounds.

The association between folate deficiency and depression has been reported by countless studies dating back to the mid-20th century. In 1962, Herbert V first reported the cognitive symptoms related to inadequate folate intake.32 By placing himself on a folate free diet for 4.5 months he experienced irritability, insomnia and forgetfulness, the cardinal symptoms of depression.32 He goes on to note that all his ailments disappeared within 2 days of starting folate supplementation. 32 Subsequently, in 1970, Reynolds et al. report subnormal serum folate (less than 2.5ng/ml) and vitamin B12 (less than 150pg/ml) levels in 101 patients with depressive illness.33 Folate deficiency was nearly twice as common as vitamin B12 among depressed

Some of the client education for this type of anemia would be dependent upon the reason for the deficiency. Education would be needed on options for dietary replacement of this vitamin. A list of foods high in B12 should be given, also clear instructions on dosage and self-administration of oral B12 supplements. Medications to avoid should also be included in education. Risks associated with not replacing B12 should be discussed. The patient should be educated on possible side effects and also symptoms of

One of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its occurrence continues to increase (8). The 2004 analysis by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that cases of GDM are at 9.2%. The American Diabetes Association defines GDM as a condition where glucose levels are higher than normal either at the start or during pregnancy (1). The definition is used whether insulin or only diet modification is used for treatment and even if the condition continues after pregnancy (1). MNT is currently part of the treatment to provide adequate calories and nutrients to meet the needs of pregnancy and manage GDM. Therefore, the objective of this literature search was to demonstrate the

When a woman is pregnant, people often ask “can pregnant women eat fish?” There are many claims, some people say that pregnant women should not eat fish because they are seafood, but, at the same time, some people say that pregnant women can eat fish because fish is good for the fetus. According to new EU-funded research, “Women who eat fish during pregnancy are more likely to have brainy and sociable children” (qtd Bates). It is true that pregnant women can eat fish because fish contains high-quality of protein, high amino acids, and also and especially it is very easy to absorbed; at the same time, it can give nutrients to the fetus effectively. Pregnant women eat more fish, their babies will be smarter; meanwhile, women will have healthier