Bio Exam Study Guide Essay

Stanley Miller started the idea that life could have started when carbon and other ingredients combined. He assembled a contraption made out of flasks and tombs in the lab. He fill one flask with gases to represent Earth's primitive atmosphere and connected that to another flask with water to represent the ocean. He put an electric charge through that.simulated lightning going through early atmosphere. After a couple of day, all this brown goo all over the reaction vessel. He said, now he had amino acids in the vessel. Amino acids are compounds that are form when carbon and other elements linked together. They are building block of protiens and cell, which were vital ingredients of all living things. His experiment showed that life can be formed in the harsh condition of early earth.

Introduction: Almost every place on Earth, from the surface of your skin to the bottom of the ocean, is teeming with living things. To keep track of the vast diversity of life, biologists historically named and classified organisms according to their appearance. The system of categorizing organisms is

That seemed evident at the time. Now, recent and forthcoming studies question that verdict. Not

1. Did the construction of the phylogenetic tree based on the 14 living Caminalcules change the way you would group Caminalcules species in your taxonomic classification (chart)? What does this suggest about classification based on strictly of similarity versus evolutionary relationship?

Evidence  for  life  on  early  Earth  (e.g.  in  the  Pre Cambrian)  has  proved  difficult  to  find  because: SELECT  ALL  THAT  APPLY Select  one  or  more: A.  rocks  from  these  early  times  are  rare  due to  the  recycling  of  the  Earth's  crust  through plate  tectonics   B.  there  was  no  oxygen  in  the  Earth's atmosphere  at  this  time C.  life  at  this  time  lacked  hard  parts  (such as  shells  or  bones)  that  fossilise  easily   D.  life  had  not  yet  emerged  onto  land E.  life  at  this  time  was  mostly  microbial

Both the puffin and axolotl are colourful, have a distinctive featurette on their head (Axolotl has its colourful and feather-like gills, the Puffin has its brightly coloured horn-like beak), have special modifications to help the animal travel faster and more efficiently, they both eat small fish, and are commonly hunted and eaten by predators and humans. The population of both animals is distinctively decreasing, they both can live on land and swim in water, both reach the age of 15 and range up to 25 years old (the puffin can be older than an axolotls average age, but the age is close to one another), and are extremely adorable. There are not as many similarities as differences, but there are at least some. The axolotl and puffin may not be that similar, but using these animals as examples can show us that how the classification method works and why we use it. We have found some similarities but more differences, and this shows why the axolotl and puffin are not related through classification.

Cladistic analysis refers to the study of the evolutionary relationships between genes, populations, and species through the construction of phylogenetic trees. Nonetheless, character polarity refers to the cladistic relationship among character states within distinct characters, and outgroup comparison is the primary method to determine the aforementioned clause within a cladogram. By comparing the character states with the outgroup, they would be considered ancestral trait if the traits are the same as the outgroup, and if not, derived traits. The primitive character state is known as plesiomorphic, and the derived character state is called apormorphic. In other words, apormorphic refers to the state that references to another character state

a. LB+plasmid and LB-plasmid: Both of these plates had a lawn of bacteria. This proves

happen? If not, then why should science teachers teach that life evolved over billions of

Inspection of the phylogenetic lineages revealed significant

One of the most revered investigations of Abiogenesis (life arising from non-living matter) is the Miller-Urey experiment conducted in 1952. This experiment (as depicted) involved the simulation of primordial conditions on Earth and testing whether “natural stimulation” such as lighting and heat could have resulted in the synthesis of simple organic compounds. Several compounds thought to have been abundant in the atmosphere 3.8

The Tree of Life is a model showing the evolutionary relationship among various biological groups. It goes over key differences that make each group distinct from the rest, and how different species arise from previous species. Though just as important is the idea that although organisms vary greatly,

The facts concerning the miller experiment are false. However, they are still featured in biology textbooks except today's theory is the Agreed theory.

Cells can be organised into three domains as stated by Embley and Williams (2015): Bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotes (Eukarya). This is based on the findings of Carl Woesse, who in 1985, discovered three domains in which all cellular life on Earth can be sorted using their ribosomal RNA sequencing. Woesse introduced the domains as Bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea as a basis for a more accurate form of classification as opposed to the five-kingdom taxonomy (Woesse et al. 1990). From a Last Universal Common Ancestor, the Bacteria and the Eukaryotes were thought to have evolved separately. From the Eukarya branch, Archaea branches out. We can use this to make the assumption that all life arose from said LUCA, Archaea are more closely related to Eukaryotes than they are to Bacteria, although morphologically,

7. What molecular evidence do scientists have that all life is at least distantly related and has a common ancestor?