Biodex Balance Essay

The sports communities that require concussion education include the players themselves; their parents, the coaches, trainers, therapists, and referees; sports organizations/leagues; the media; teachers; and health care professionals. Several gains in recognition and management that impact upon concussion prevention can only be made through widespread of knowledge about concussions. Concussions are a serious issue in many professional sports. Concussions affect multiple sports in many ways. Many sports today are affected by the medical condition of concussions. Today, multiple leagues and professionals are learning how to prepare and prevent these career shattering injuries. With hundreds of medical advancements and a better understanding of the knowledge that the science has, we are assisting athletes to recover from these injuries. In order to understand concussions that lead the role on the games, one must look at the symptoms, injuries, and side-effects of this

They are able to identity any suspected signs of concussions right away. (Broglio, 2008) Due to the numerous medical advancements, researchers have been able to understand what concussions are and the course of their recovery. This has dramatically improved the understanding of what a concussion is and how it affects the person. For example, the features of a concussion and the typical recovery. With all of the sports-related injuries, athletes have become the prime interest for researchers, specifically concussions. Sports-related concussions, or SRC, have researcher’s interest. They are looking for what acute injury factors and individual characteristics occur post concussive recovery. The researchers measured on the Glasgow Coma Scale, or GCS, it is very well known for its system with classifying TBI severity during an acute period. It was originally developed to assess a patient’s level of consciousness, using rating of eye, motor, and verbal responses. Researchers have found the following signs and symptoms of concussions. Observable features of altered mental status include: vacant stare, delayed verbal and motor responses, confusion or inability to focus attention, disorientation, slurred or incoherent speech, gross observable

The study is a longitudinal study which they will end in 5 years. The athletes will be tested the time after concussion. To begin with the study, the group of study will take each test to get a baseline. The trial will begin with a Symptom Assessment Scale (SAS) before going into the neurocognitive assessment for a concussion. During the self-reported symptomatic (SRS) timeline after injury, the athlete's will self-survey their symptoms each week. Then, the athlete will complete the neurocognitive assessment testing of MACE, SCAT-2, SCAT-3, and ImPACT. For starter, the test will be given to the athlete after 24 hours of symptoms free. Each athlete had to meet the following criteria of completed a baseline assessment on the particular test and SAS before the injury, diagnosed with a concussion and given a follow-up assessment conducted within 72 hours of the injury and denied any symptoms at the SRA assessment point. After 24 hours of the free sign. The testing will have a motor skill of mechanical movement and gross movement. The first test is a baseline to see if any changes occur when the athlete is retested in two-year

Head trauma from concussions can be extremely detrimental to a person’s body so that such things as death can occur. Everyone knows that concussions are not a good thing but not everyone knows how severe they actually are. Concussions are becoming an epidemic in sports and a solution should be drawn up to help the players in sporting activities.

The embarrassing reality in today’s sporting world is that we know very little about the causes and effects of head injuries. Granted we have made leaps and bounds over the past decade or so, we are still just scratching the surface when it comes to understanding concussions. One of the biggest challenges facing the study of concussions is finding a standardized way of evaluating them. During my research I was astonished to learn how many different ways concussions are interpreted. The biggest problem when evaluating concussions is the inconsistencies of the injury. In some cases one single concussion can be life threatening while in other cases athletes can suffer several serious concussions and suffer only minimal effects. Figuring out why concussions differ so much will be one of the keys to understanding concussions.

Perhaps one of the least understood injuries is a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), otherwise known as a concussion. Over 1,000,000 concussions occur the United States every year (Majerske et al., 2008), and can be caused by any blow to the head. It is likely that many concussions do not go diagnosed. 300,000 of these concussion have been contributed to sports related injury (Majerske et al., 2008), making the study of sports related concussions in athletes the most important and easiest subjects to study.

A concussion management model provides a medically recognized assessment system that is used as part of overall concussion management protocol. In 2001, the Concussion in Sport Group recommended that neurocognitive testing is one of the “cornerstones” in concussion management (Solomon, 2014). Neurocognitive, or neuropsychological, testing is considered the core of concussion management models, determining return-to-play and managing the recovery of the athlete (Duff, 2009). Neurocognitive tests are computerized and have replaced the traditional paper-and-pencil neurocognitive tests that were previously used in concussion management. The Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) tool is a neurocognitive test that was developed in the early 1990’s for

Not many sports are as physically demanding on the human body as football. The physical toll that football players pay is almost impossible to comprehend unless one has actually played the sport for a significant amount of time. However, until recently any connection between the hits taken by football players and their health down the road was largely ignored. A common, yet difficult injury to detect in football is a concussion, the most common traumatic brain injury (Pearce). A concussion is defined as “a brain injury that is caused by a sudden blow to the head or the body. The blow shakes the brain inside the skull, which temporarily prevents the brain from working normally” (Heiner pa.5). Reports and studies have surfaced shedding light

With an average of 300,000 cases a year in the U.S alone, concussions have become a major topic in the athletic world. (Gessel et. al 2007) In the mid to late 1900’s many people were under the belief that a concussion was not that big of a deal and kids were rarely checked for an injury. It wasn’t until recent years that doctors actually researched concussions and realized that they were a big deal just like any other brain injury. The rise in concussions awareness has happened because of the lasting effects that numerous concussions can have on the brain. These effects can include an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer's, and Dementia. Because of these new studies professional

Many private companies and researchers have taken the issue of concussions head on. Research has drastically increased throughout the 21st century. In the words of Mark Lovell PhD. founding director of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Medicine Concussion Program, “90% of what we know about concussions we’ve learned in the past five years.” These private researchers have taken different approaches to solving the issue but they are all working to achieve one goal: the reduction of concussions and the prevention of their long-term effects.

The authors of the article called “Comparison of the Balance Accelerometer Measure and Balance Error Scoring System in Adolescent concussions in Sports” are known as Furman, G. R., Lin, C. C., Bellanca, J. L., Marchetti, G. F., Collins, M. W., & Whitney, S. L. According to this article there is an average of 1.4 million cases of brain injuries reported in the United States a year. Sport related concussion play a huge part in this concussion. According the international conference on concussions the most common aspects of a concussion to be tested are dizziness, headache, poor sleep and emotional problems. The most popular symptom to test for a concussion is for dizziness. This is because it helps determine if there is any balance problems. If there is any balance problems it can indicate that might be affecting the central nervous system or the inner ear mechanism.

Sports concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can have long-term neurologic sequelae. Sports concussions have an estimated incidence of 3.8 million per year in the U.S. which represents a significant public health issue[2]. Approximately 50% of sports concussions may be unreported. As such, the public health implications of sports concussions are significantly underestimated. Sports concussions may occur from any sport and are more common in high impact contact sports such as ice hockey, American football, boxing and soccer[3].

Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviations, ranges) were calculated for demographic information regarding the athletes (i.e., age, height, weight, number of concussions). Separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of post-concussion symptoms, the number of previous concussions, age at the time of examination, height and weight on the likelihood that athletes experience symptoms of imbalance and dizziness in the acute phase post-concussion. Statistical significance was evaluated using Wald test p values. Further, Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between acute symptoms post-concussion and performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) composite scores (i.e., composite memory verbal, composite memory visual, composite

This research study utilizes the SLS test, TUG test, and the norms for each test. Participants will use a chair with armrests for the TUG test and both tests will use a timer. This study will also use a chart of norms for each test to interpret the data.

According to Pozzi et al., patients with CAI present with decreased balance deficits while performing the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).3 The SEBT consists of eight lines placed on the floor that forms a circle with 45-degree arcs to resemble a star pattern.3 To perform this test, the patient is instructed to balance on the involved leg while the opposite leg reaches out in each direction.3 When the test was performed with individuals who had CAI, the excursions were shorter in distance when compared to the uninvolved leg.3 Additionally, there is an increased reliance on proximal joints, indicating decreased balance deficits.3 In any ankle rehabilitation program, static and dynamic balance exercises should be addressed.13 According to Cain et al., balance training should be used to decrease symptoms and reoccurrence of injury of CAI.13 For instance, static balance exercises performed on a Biomechanical Ankle Platform System (BAPS) has been proven to be beneficial in the rehabilitation of CAI, and has shown improvements with the SEBT for dynamic balance after four weeks.13 It is essential to begin a balance program by beginning with static balance exercises, progressing to dynamic exercises and concluding with sport specific activities.14 Balance rehabilitation programs that are performed on unstable surfaces have proven to increase ankle stability and neuromuscular control compared to stable surfaces.14 Utilizing unstable surfaces is an effective way to challenge