Biodiesel As A Alternative Fuel Source

Biofuels are fuels that are produced by a biological process. A biofuel is a mixture of organic substances that are used as fuel in an internal combustion engine. Derivative of biomass, organic matter originated in a biological process, spontaneous or provoked, usable as an energy source.

Castor oil hydrolysis generates lipolysate containing unique hydroxy fatty acid and glycerol as major products. Although various methods for isolating this hydroxy fatty acid i.e. ricinoleic acid (RA) have been reviewed, there is a need for development of a industrious separation methodology. In this regard, chromatography method based on a non-aqueous ion exchange was explored to separate RA and glycerol. The anionic ion exchange resins having styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer as matrix base and tertiary or quaternary amino as functional groups facilitated selective adsorption of RA. The studies on adsorbent screening, adsorbent amount and initial concentration of RA were systemically carried out. The parameters such as ratio of tert-butanol:Water,

There is a reduction in all major measures of air pollution except NOx. Biodiesel is biodegradable under environmental conditions when spilled, as it is 100% organic product. 1.8.3 Economic Benefits of Biodiesel The biodiesel can be extracted from any material that contains fatty acids. The various vegetable fats and oils, animal fats, waste greases and edible oil processing wastes can be used as feedstock for the production of biodiesel.

Lab 5: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil September 20th, 2012 Purpose: The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize banana oil (isopentyl acetate.) Ester are often prepared by the Fischer esterification method, which involves heating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Table 2: Figure 4 GC Summary: Retention Time (min) | Area | % Composition | Identity | 1.525 | 1.7 x 107 | 100% | Isopentyl acetate | NMR spectrum of typical isopentyl acetate sample is also shown in figure 3a. Discussion: This sulfuric acid catalyzed Fischer esterification reaction used excess acetic acid reacted with isopentyl alcohol to create isopentyl acetate. Because the reaction is reversible it was necessary to use excess acetic acid to drive the reaction forward and favor the formation of product in accordance with Le

Esterification of 3-MethylButyl Ethanoate Results Distillation range: 97-102°C Ester has a fruity odor, smells very much like banana. Discussion Results table: Observations Process Observations Reflux When adding 3-methyl-1-butanol, sulphuric acid and ethanoic acid heat were produced by the colourless mixture, which pertained a smell of sulphuric acid. Once heating began, the solution quickly changed to orange and continued to rapidly change to a darker colour. After approximately six minutes, it began to bubble and the colour was now a dark red colour, very similar to the shade of a cherry. At this point, the liquid began to vaporise, rising up to the condenser about a third way before it was condensed to a liquid which ran back down the condenser to the pear shaped flask. The strong smell of the sulphuric smell began to fade, the smell it was replaced with still smelt strong and bad but to a less extent. The mixture remained a dark red colour for the remaining duration of the reflux process, continually bubbling.

Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Using a Fischer Esterification Reaction Zhenshu Wang (Stan) TA: Aaron League September 23, 2012 Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to perform the acid-catalyzed Fischer Esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol to form isopentyl acetate, or banana oil, which is used in flavor industries. The equilibrium

Biobutanol is a more feasible alternative to gasoline. It is a more viable motor fuel substitute to gasoline, as biomass – from which biobutanol is derived from – is readily available for production and more importantly is a renewable resource. Gasoline is a crude oil product derived from petroleum, which is finite and unsustainable as a motor fuel, because it is increasingly being used up faster than it is being produced. It is expected that with continued research, biobutanol could eventually surpass gasoline as the primary motor fuel. Evidence proves that biobutanol is more acceptable environmentally than gasoline and conveniently, biomass is readily available for the steady production of biobutanol. Biobutanol is more advantageous

Chemical Process Butanol used to be produced via fermentation of biomasses (Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol) such as corn, sugar beets and other feedstock. Clostridium acetobutylicum microbes are placed into the sugars from the biomass. These then are converted into various alcohols including ethanol

The objective of this lab was to synthesize an unknown ester using Fischer etherification, which involved using a carboxylic acid and an unknown alcohol as the reactants, and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. First, a reaction mixture was created using the reactants. Then the reaction product was isolated by removing the aqueous layer. After isolation, the crude ester product was purified using distillation. The final product was a clear liquid with a banana like odor. It was established that the banana like odor was coming from banana oil that is either pure isoamyl acetate or amyl (pentyl acetate). To identify the unknown ester IR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR was obtained. IR spectroscopy, which showed prominent, peaks at 1737.54 cm-1, 1366.50 cm-1, 1228.27

The Transesterification process is the reaction of a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol (Wahab Maqbool, 2010). A triglyceride has a glycerine molecule as its base with three long chain fatty acids attached. During the esterification process, the triglyceride is reacted with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, usually a strong alkaline like sodium hydroxide. The alcohol reacts with the fatty acids to form the mono-alkyl ester, or biodiesel and crude glycerol. In most production methanol or ethanol is the alcohol used (methanol produces methyl esters, ethanol produces ethyl esters) and is base catalyzed by either potassium or sodium

A biofuels is a fuel that is produced through biological processes, such as agriculture rather than a fuel produced by geological processes. Hence a biofuel is a fuel which is gained from the living matter. A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made from a living organism hence we

Should Australia legislate vehicles to run on biofuels instead of petroleum? Two interconnecting critical issues present in societies globally is the declining supply of fossil fuels and the growing emissions of carbon released into the atmosphere. The burning of these fossil fuels release vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,

In this experiment, methyl benzoate was synthesized from benzoic acid and methanol with acid catalyze using Fisher Esterification. First benzoic acid and methanol were mixed in 100 mL round bottom flask. We cooled the mixture in ice and poured 3 mL of conc. H2SO4 and swirled to mix compounds. Then we refluxed the mixture for 1 hour. We let the solution cool and then decanted into a separatory funnel containing 50 mL of water and rinsed the round bottom flask with 35 mL of tert-butyl methyl ether and added that to a separatory funnel. We shook and vented thoroughly and drained the aqueous layer which contained a bulk of methanol and H2SO4. We washed the solution in the separatory funnel with 25 mL of water, followed by 25 mL of sat. sodium bicarbonate

Biofuel: Ethanol Alternative to Transportation For the past three decades Oil dominates the agenda of political discussion. With scares over price volatility, sizes of reserves, international imports and least of which are the environmental impacts due to carbon dioxide and other emissions.