Biodiversity Hotspot of the Mountains of Central Asia

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Biodiversity Hotspot of the Mountains of Central Asia
Central Asia is associated with seven countries: Western China, Southern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, northeastern Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Central Asia has many sub-regions, a wide range of altitude belts, and surrounded by some world’s highest mountain ranges, such as the Tien Shan and the Pamir, the latter is known as the “roof of the world”. The mountains of Central Asia have a high level of biological diversity due to its ecosystems, populations, and species because of its unique geographical locations. The mountains play the role of the origins for many varieties of domesticated plants and animals (Yessekin, 2005). There are around 5,500 plant species, of which 27 percent are endemic, 143 mammal species including 6 endemic species, 489 bird species with no endemic species, and 27 freshwater fishes including 5 endemic species. The climate of the Central Asia is generally arid, but there are still wide ranges that include glaciers, semi-desert, steppe, and desert climates. The majority of precipitation in these areas is supplied by subtropical winds and storms from the Mediterranean Sea that give precipitation mainly in winter and spring. It varies from 1,500 millimeters on the west side to less than 100 millimeters in the Eastern Pamir, which is the closest spot to the Taklamakan Desert (Conservation International, 2008). In addition, there has been a mix of a grazing system and agriculture
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