Biographies of Karl Marx and Frederich Engels Essay

Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) Karl Heinrich Marx was born on 5 May 1818 in Trier in western German, the son of a successful Jewish lawyer. Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin, but was also introduced to the ideas of Hegel and Feuerbach. In 1841, he received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/marx_karl.shtml [Accessed 28 Jul 2015].

when conducting my readings for this assignment i was really confused at first, it was like i was reading another language. Marx writes in a very weird confusing way. after reading, reading, and reading i finally started to get it little by little.

In its modern form, communism grew out of the socialist movement of 19th century Europe.[citation needed] As the Industrial Revolution advanced, socialist critics blamed capitalism for the misery of the proletariat — a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often-hazardous conditions. Foremost among these critics were the German philosopher Karl Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels. In 1848, Marx and Engels offered a new definition of communism and popularized the term in their famous pamphlet The Communist Manifesto.Engels, who lived in Manchester, observed the organization of the Chartist movement (see History of British socialism), while Marx departed from his university comrades to meet the proletariat in France and Germany.

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, and political revolutionary. When Karl Marx moved to Paris in 1843, he met Engels and together they both worked on several essays. However, Marx and Engels are best known for their revolutionary writings around the concept of Communism. Marx attained his primary intellectual influences from the work of G.W.F Hegel. Hegel’s main theory describes history as a process in which the world becomes conscious of itself as spirit. Marx furthered this theory and argues that man becomes conscious of himself as a spirit; the material world causes him to feel increasingly alienated from himself. The

     The Communist Manifesto was written by two world renowned philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. This book was produced in an era of great suffering and anguish of all workers in a socially distressed system. In a time when revolutions were spreading through Europe like wildfire, Marx organized his thoughts and views to produce the critical pamphlet “The Communist Manifesto”. Marx’s scrutiny illustrates his belief that unless change is to occur the constant outcome will repeatedly remain uniform. This is a novel that displays the differentiation between the Bourgeois and the Proletariat. Class relationships are defined by an era's means of production. Marx’s

Karl Marx was born in Prussia in 1818. In college he began exploring socio-political theories at university among the Young Hegelians (“Karl Marx Biography,” n.d.)

Marx’s studies the theory of the individual and mainly focus in three areas, which are the complete development of the individual, the problems of alienation and freedom.

These rigorous studies lead to Engel's writing of The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844, an important work bringing more attentions to the struggles and problems of the working-class and raising ideas on how to bring reform. Engels friend and life-long work partner Karl Marx in 1844 in Paris, France. Together, Marx and Engel, while establishing modern Communism and Socialism, crafted the Communist Manifesto, among other things. The Communist Manifesto, published in February of 1848, attempts to explain the goals of Communism, Marx's and Engel's solution to the struggles and exploitations of each class by the other classes. This work is undoubtedly the most influential piece produced by these two revolutionists. Another collaboration by Engels with Marx include the development of the International Workingmen's Association. Frederick Engels produced a few other revolutionary pieces including the major works Anti-Dyriring in 1878 and The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State in 1884. After Marx's death in March of 1883, Engels devoted the rest of his life to translating and working with Marx's writing and ideas. Engels died on August 5, 1895 in London.

Manifesto deals with "Bourgeois and Proletarians", where he is asserting that bourgeois is constantly trying to maximize its profit by exploiting proletarians and their manual labour. Marx and Engels claim “The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle”. At this point it is almost certain, why IR influenced Marx as much as he came up with idea of socialism and yet, of communism. Secondarily, the (FR) in France from 1789 to 1799 was another radical and political event in the worldwide history. Marx and Engels based their analysis of the FR, as a series of class struggle. Both concluded, that in society of material inequality it is impossible to reach an actual freedom, considering the slogans of IR “Liberty, Equality and Fraternality”, if the society is divided into exploiters and exploited, meaning Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. This observation was vital to Marx´s concept.

Friedrich Engels was born in Germany on November 28, 1820 and died in 1895 in England. He was born into a very customary family and throughout his life he often broke his family's customs and traditions. Although, his family never abandoned him completely because of it. Engels was a very creative person who wanted to portray his thoughts into certain outlets however his father continued to push his own beliefs pressuring Friedrich ot take the road that was well traveled. His son did his best to follow his father’s wishes while still following his own dreams as well. Eventually, he went a completely different route and joined the military. When he returned he began learning about communism. What got him passionate about the topic was the conditions

After graduating from the University of Berlin, Karl Marx attended the University of Jena in hopes of earning his doctorate in philosophy in order to become a university lecturer. However, in 1838, Karl’s father, Heinrich, passed away.

Marx devoted himself to an intensive study of history and elaborated on his idea of historical materialism. He traced the history of the various modes of production and predicted the collapse of the present one—industrial capitalism—and its replacement by communism. Next, Marx wrote The Poverty of Philosophy in1847, a response to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's The Philosophy of Poverty and a critique of French socialist thought. These works laid the foundation for Marx and Engels' most famous work, The Communist Manifesto. Later that year, Europe experienced tremendous revolutionary upheaval. Marx was arrested and expelled from Belgium; in the meantime a radical movement had seized power from King Louis Philippe in France, and invited Marx to return to Paris, where he witnessed the revolutions in France firsthand. He moved back to London after being put on trial twice for armed

As Marx's writings were so diverse and had such great variety, the circumstances under which these writings were written are extremely important to understand. The next few points are to

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels collaborated to produce The German Ideology, which was one of the classic texts generated by the two. Even though The German Ideology stands our as one of the major texts produced by the two, it was never published during Marx’s lifetime. This was a clear expression of the theory of history by Marx and its associated materialist metaphysics. One of the main reasons this text is a classic text by these philosophers is the fact that it introduces students to the basic tenets of the philosopher’s approach. Notably, Karl Marx produced The German Ideology in 1846 as a critique of George Friedrich Hegel and his followers in Germany. The philosophers sought to differentiate their concept of socialism from existing ones and exhibit how socialism emerges ordinarily from the social conflicts embedded in capitalism.

In 1883, the patriarch of the Marx family, Heinrich Marx, died. With his fathers' death, Karl now had to learn how to make his own living. Not being someone who ever "got his hands dirty," Marx decided to become a lecturer at the university level. Once finished with his doctorial thesis on the philosophy of Epicurus, Karl turned to his mentor, Bruno Bauer, whom he hoped would be able to help him get a job as a professor at Bonn. Marx was soon notified that Bauer had been removed from his position due to his outspoken atheism ². Marx was unable to find a position due to his connections with Bauer. Marx's connections with Bauer were not the only problem keeping him from receiving a lecture's job; Marx had joined a group called the "Left Hegelians." This circle of intellectuals sought to draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from Hegel's philosophy ³. Marx soon decided on a profession; journalism. He soon found that his extreme political views kept him from being hired. Marx decided to move to Cologne, where the city's liberal opposition movement was fairly strong. Once in Cologne Marx began writing for a newspaper called Rhenish Zeitung, soon Marx became the editor. Once in Cologne, Marx surrounded with a group of intellectuals whom he found shared many of his