Biography Of Edward John Mostyn Bowlby

John Bowlby developed the theory of attachment he researched the significance of the relationship between a mother and her child. His theory shows that this bond

Perhaps the most influential explanation of attachment was presented by John Bowlby who began developing his ideas in the 1940s. Bowlby was commissioned by the World Health Organisation to investigate whether young children were likely to be harmed if they are separated from their mothers in the early years. (Hayes, 1996). Bowlby (1951) reported that infants possesses an innate need to attach to one main attachment figure (this was usually the mother). According to Hayes (1996), this is a special relationship which is qualitatively different from the relationship they form with any other kind of person. He described this as the process of monotropy; however, Bowlby did not deny that babies formed lots of attachments. (Bailey et al. 2008).

Bowlby’s attachment theory has greatly influenced practice. His theory of attachment explains the importance of having a figure that the child shares a strong bond with. Having an attachment can significantly support a child’s development as Barbara Woods suggests that “his theory of attachment proposed that attachment is innate in both infants and mothers, and that the formation of this attachment is crucial for the infants development” Wood, B (2001, p.53). Bowlby believed that forming an attachment will help a child develop in all areas e.g. emotionally, physical and mentally. However if they did not form an attachment in the sensitive period, the child may have issues or problems in their cognitive, emotional and social development.

In June 1953, Mary and Robert got married. Later, they had six children, Michael, Martha, Celia, Stephen, Emily, and Phoebe. In 1954, Robert graduated from medical school. He still had a lot of studying to do before he could practice medicine. To finish his training, Robert moved to New York City, New York. He completed a fellowship in physiology at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical School. He could begin working as a doctor! In 1961, the family moved to Gainesville, Florida.

Elbert Frank cox was born December 5th, 1895 to Johnson D. Cox and Eugenia Talbot Cox in Evansville Indiana. Growing up he was the oldest of 2 boys. he grew up only with one brother because the other one had died at an early age.Later in his life he got married to Beulah Kaufman and had 4 boys; James Elbert, Eugene Kaufman, Elbert Lucien cox.But sadly one had died at the age of 17 months, so you could say three boys. in his earlier days, he and his family were known for being very close and religious and everything they did they did it with value.

Bowlby worked for many years as a child psychoanalyst so was clearly very influenced by Freud’s theories and child development. However, he also liked the work of Lorenz on the innate nature of bonds through imprinting and combined these two very different ideas to produce his own evolutionary theory of attachments. Bowlby believed that attachment is innate and adaptive. We are all born with an inherited need to form attachments and this is to help us survive. In line with Darwin’s theory of natural selection, any behaviour that helps you

1.) Bowlby's attachment theory stresses the importance of a secure attachment between an infant and his or her mother. If the caregiver, most likely the mother, makes the infant feel like he or she is well-taken care of, then the child learns that they can trust that the mother will always be around and will be there when or if the child ever needs someone to depend on. This is achieved in four distinct ways (Myers, 2009). The infant needs to have a secure base with the child. The child needs to know that if he or she becomes afraid, they will always have someone to go back to. This secure base also needs to be a safe haven where the child can be comforted upon feeling afraid. The child will also always try to stay near the caregiver in order to feel this safe haven, and any separation will cause distress because of being away from their secure base and safe haven. All of these factors come into play in the article "Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to the problems of impaired infant-mother relationships" (Fraiberg et al 1975). By lacking these specific features, the infant going into the program were deprived of the necessary mechanisms that Bowlby asserted were essential to forming a well-rounded secure person.

Bowlby believed that an attachment was formed between a child and their mother to increase the baby’s chances of survival, the chance of the mother passing on her genes to further generations is also increased due to this attachment because then the child will be able to grow up and have children of their own. Bowlby said that children are born with pre-programmes behaviours to gain our attention; this includes actions such as smiling and crying. Adults have the instinct to respond to these behaviours and so there is a mutual relationship, and the baby is able to be looked after and survive as when they cry or smile, someone pleases their needs. Bowlby believes that the baby forms a monotropic relationship with the main caregiver, this is usually the mother. The monotropic bond has to be formed within the first two years of the child being alive, others serious and irreparable damage will be done to the baby, this also includes if the bond is broken for a long period of time. If the bond is broken for a long period of time then they will have problems in adulthood, especially if the bond breaking has happened within the7ir first three years of life as they have not begun their lives in a stable environment with stable relationships and attachments. To Bowlby, he believes that the job of a mother figure for the first three years is to focus on the child and care for them. He believes that if a mother is working full time then this could have similar consequences for the child

Bowlby believed that babes had have built in social releasers that help form attachment, for example, crying and smiling. These would stimulate responses in caregivers. Bowlby also suggested that the infant would form only one primary attachment, and that this attachment would act as a secure base for exploring the world. This theory was also backed up by Mary Ainsworth ‘The Strange Situation’, Eysenck (2000). Another conclusion in Bowlbys attachment theory was that there was a sensitive period; a period were imprinting was important. This would affect attachment and have lifelong consequences. He

During this time in Britain, his family was classed as an exemplary upper-class family. Although he came from a well-off family Bowlby had a poor relationship with his parents especially his mother, whom he got to see only once a day, for an hour during tea time.

John Bowlby was born in 1907 in London. He and his siblings lived in a traditional upper-middle class family. He was mostly raised by nannies which left little time or contact with his parents. This was the ‘norm’ in

Bowlby held the view that if a child lacked an attachment to a mother figure it could have major effects on its development. It was a model, which focused on the negative consequences. Bowlby

John Bowlby’s attachment theory established that an infant’s earliest relationship with their primary caregiver or mother shaped their later development and characterized their human life, “from the cradle to the grave” (Bowlby, 1979, p. 129). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their self-esteem, well-being and the romantic relationships that they form. Bowlby’s attachment theory had extensive research done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the mother-infant interactions specifically regarding the theme of an infant’s exploration of their surrounding and the separation from their mother in an experiment called the strange situation. Ainsworth defined the four attachment styles: secure,

Many psychologists have come and gone, and many different theoretical orientations have been developed. With each orientation has come a new perspective on development, behaviour and mental processes. Some are similar, yet others could not be more contradictory. Attachment is one such theoretical orientation, developed by John Bowlby out of his dissatisfaction with other existing theories. Although Bowlby rejected psychoanalytical explanations for early infant bonds, the theory of attachment was influenced in part by the principles of psychoanalysis; in particular the observations by Ana Freud and Dorothy Burlingham of young children separated from

Born on September 10th 1863, Charles Spearman was raised in London, England as a child. Charles’s father was Alex Young Spearman, the son of Sir Alex Young Spearman who was a British treasurer. Unfortunately, Spearman Jr. died at the age of 33 and left his second wife and Charles’s mother Louisa Ann Caroline Amelia Mainwaring a widow. She would marry Henry Harrington in 1870, only for her new husband to die and leave her a widow. Around this time, a 19 year old Charles was about to go into the military