Biography of Joseph Fourier

John Venn was born on August 4, 1834, in Hull, England. His parents were Martha Sykes and Reverend Henry Venn. Unfortunately, Venn’s mother died when he was only three years old. Venn was brought up in a very strict home. His father had played a significant part in the Evangelical movement and he was also the secretary of the ‘Society for Missions to Africa and the East. Venn started his education at Highgate with his brother Henry in September 1846. He later moved to Islington proprietary school. He later earned his degree in mathematics in 1857 from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Having earned a fellowship there as well, Venn would establish a long-term career at his alma mater, becoming a lecturer in 1862 and being appointed college president. He maintained that position for life.

Finally his studies led him to France at the age of 21, where he studied under Paul Vidal for a short period of time and then under Mlle. Boulanger for three years. Before

She excelled in scientific subjects versus subject such as language and philosophy. In 1966, she completed her baccalauréat degree and was undecided on which subject she would study for her university study medicine or biomedical sciences. Opting to go to the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Paris to obtain her undergraduate degree. The ultimate reasoning for choosing the Natural Science degree was that it was shorter and would be less expensive than a Medical degree. This decision was necessary so she wouldn't burden her family with further unnecessary expenses to support her during her

The education of mathematics was very important and special to Mary. During Marys education at University of Chicago she was teaching at Downer college. She was urged to also teach at the University of Gottingen. After Mary’s studies she soon graduated in 1889 and was “The first American woman to receive a PhD in mathematics from a European university” (Biographies of Women Mathematics”).

During this time he was tested to see what skills he had, the results show that he was very good in all categories, but he was especially excellent in mathematics. When he was

to the Aristotelian view. In 1585, due to financial difficulties Galileo left the university before

It is said that one of the many great things about Sophie Germain was that she taught herself through the undergraduate level, unlike her predecessors such as: "Hypatia, Maria Agnesi, and Émilie Châtelet. You have to have a certain level of drive in you to learn so much of one subject just for the pure enjoyment of it. Sophie had this drive. Because of her parent 's protest, she sat in her room at night by the fire studying for hours on end. When her parents found out that she was staying up in order to betray their wishes, they took away all of her light sources thinking that this would stop her foolishness. This only drove her more. Mathematicians such as J. L. Lagrange were blown away by the fact that the written works he was receiving were written by a young woman as opposed to a male. "Monsieur Le Blanc" (a.k.a Sophie Germain) was never married.

Joseph began his career as a professor at the Royal Military Academy. At the school he began his career at, Royal Military Academy, he spent his time there teaching calculus and mechanics. He was only 19 at the time when he had started teaching and beginning his long career of mathematics. Then in 1766 he started working at Berlin Academy. When he was at the Berlin Academy he was the director of the school. In 1787 he left Berlin and went to Paris.  He had remained in Paris when the French revolution broke out. This was in the year of 1789. Surprisingly he was not ordered to leave like most foreigners. He then just continued his career and actually began focusing more on his own writings.

"Sophie Germain was born on 1 April 1776, in Paris, France" stated in https://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/germain.htm . Sophie Germain was a girl French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. When Sophie Germain was 13 years of age all she had for enjoyment was her father's library; In her father's library she gained education from reading books. Sophie's parents being how they are following the rules they never wanted her to study. "Sophie thought that if the geometry method, at the time was referred to all of pure mathematics, that could hold such fascination for Archimedes, it was a subject worthy of study" stated in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Germain . She looked over every book on mathematics that was in her father's

As a child he had attended an integrated school, taught himself to read, and had little to no interest in mathematics or geometry. As he entered high school, his interest in algebra and trigonometry grew. A teacher of one of his math courses, Ms. Caroline Luther opened his eyes and made mathematics more fascinating and attention grabbing. He graduated at the young age of 16 and went to study at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana to earn his doctoral degree in mathematics at age 22. He then studied for a year at

He desperately wanted his son Daniel to become a merchant. It seemed as if Daniel did not have much of a childhood. At the tender age of thirteen, Daniel began his studies at Basel University. His younger years were spent working hard to obtain a Master’s degree in philosophy. Once he had received his degree, Johann was determined to mold Daniel into the perfect merchant. However, his son did not feel that being a merchant was right for him. Daniel had pleaded with Johann to try to make him understand that mathematics was his passion, but his cries fell upon deaf ears. Johann, who was more concerned about the amount of money his son would make than Daniel’s happiness, forced Daniel to go back to University to study to become a doctor. In return, Johann would teach Daniel mathematics while he was studying at Basel University. With his knowledge of mathematics and general intelligence, Daniel Bernoulli received his doctorate in medicine (“Daniel Bernoulli”, 1998).

Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat was born in the year 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomages, France. Mr. Fermat's education began in 1631. He was home schooled. Mr. Fermat was a single man through his life. Pierre de Fermat, like many mathematicians of the early 17th century, found solutions to the four major problems that created a form of math called calculus. Before Sir Isaac Newton was even born, Fermat found a method for finding the tangent to a curve. He tried different ways in math to improve the system. This was his occupation. Mr. Fermat was a good scholar, and amused himself by restoring the work of Apollonius on plane loci. Mr. Fermat published only a few papers in his lifetime and gave no systematic exposition of his methods. He had a

Though he was developing and testing his theories, Galileo was not exposed to mathematics but was intrigued in the subject after attending a geometry lecture. He then began to study mathematics and natural philosophy instead of medicine since right before he earned his degree, the university cut him off due to unpaid funds. Returning to Florence, he lectured at the Florentine academy, where he studied and applied his new interests, and in 1586 he published an essay describing his invention of the hydrostatic balance, when fluid is at rest, which made his name known throughout Italy. With his other interest of philosophy, Galileo studied fine arts and received an instructer position in the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Florence in 1588 where he met Cigoli, a painter, who applied Galileo’s astronomical observations in his painting. This led Galileo to expand his mentality to be more aesthetic.

Bernoulli was soon exposed to Euler’s brilliance in analytical science and presently saw his true potential, and gained a new respect for him. Euler procured his degree of Master of Arts in philosophy in 1723 by comparing and contrasting the ideas of Descartes and Newton. He then attempted to gain degrees in Theology and Oriental languages on his father’s request, but did not complete the course due to disinterest in the subject, and soon, with his father’s permission, returned to the study of mathematics.

The next couple of years found him relocated all around Europe until he settles in Paris in 1626. In the five years from when he left the army until his alighting in Paris, Descartes had devoted his life to the study of pure mathematics. There, in Paris, Descartes would live for two years until Cardinal de Berulle, founder of the Oratorians, urged on Descartes the duty of “devoting his life to the examination of truth.” (Wilkins, D.). Now 1628, Descartes moved again, this time to Holland, to secure himself from interruption. He would spend the next twenty years in Holland, focusing on philosophy and mathematics.