Biol 460 Week 2 Research Paper

Child is a gift from God. Every parent hopes for a healthy child. However, abnormalities in the fetus growth becoming common nowadays. These may be due to physical, radiation and chemical factors. These factors will cause deformities such as genetic mutation which causes mental retardation, abnormal body buildup and other conditions which bring a lot of troubles in the future to the child themselves and their parents. Modern technologies and innovations in the medical field had developed a method to detect the abnormality before delivery and prevent this future tragedy to happen. This method is known as prenatal screening. There are several advantages and disadvantages of prenatal screening.

Christine Le, an accountant living in Flushing, New York, gave birth to a healthy baby “Nathan” on January 29th, 2010. She found out that she was pregnant with her first child when her period was late. She had the routine prenatal care starting at 12 weeks and delivered at 40 weeks in a hospital with the present of her husband, Robert, and the in-laws. To insure her baby was healthy, Christine underwent several prenatal diagnostic methods like amniocentesis to examine for genetic defects. Another method was ultrasound; its purpose is to assess fetal age, multiple pregnancies, size and shape of the fetus. Christine underwent numerous lab tests to ensure that there are no complications (Berk, pg.43). Lab tests like a complete blood count that screens

3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically

The Rapid FFN tests is used as an aid in assessing the risk of early delivery in pregnant women that have an intact

Modern medicine continues to bring new technology to its patients and is steering in the direction of “Science Fiction” in some areas. Every individual has to decide if prenatal testing “works” for them, if the result is worth the risk of induced stress, miscarriage and/or fetal limb abnormalities. Psalm 127:3 in the Bible says, “Behold, children are a gift of the LORD, The fruit of the womb is a

Prenatal testing was designed to allow a mother with a possible high risk the option to ensure the health of their unborn child with a birth defect. The testing will also detect harm to the unborn fetus if the mother was exposed to a disease or sickness. There are multiple levels of screening and testing that can be done to provide to give results to an unborn child. The screenings are safe non-invasive procedures that will detect particular birth defects.1 The types of screenings that can be provided are ultrasound, and blood test.

Foetal blood sampling is the last method and known as cordocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord sampling (PUBS). This procedure is when a needle is being inserted into the umbilical cord and foetal blood is taken and evaluated for metabolism and hematologic abnormalities (blood disorders). The use of cordocentesis is decreasing since technology can now provide the same information from tests that have smaller risk of miscarriage, such as amniocentesis and CVS, with limitations of structural chromosomal abnormalities smaller than the achievable optical resolution to be undetected.

Collecting the fetus’s DNA can check for any faulty genes associated with Noonan syndrome. You can accomplish this by using chorionic villus sampling; removing a cell from the placenta. These test methods carry a 1% chance of causing a miscarriage. After the testing is done if the gene mutation for Noonan syndrome comes up positive the physician will talk about what your options are for the fetus and their life ahead of them with Noonan syndrome.

According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniocentesis amniocentesis is a medical procedure which is used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections as described below. Amniocentesis carries a small risk for both mother and child and so the test may be offered to mothers who have a significant risk for genetic diseases. However, according to https://www.google.co.uk/#safe=strict&q=chorionic+villus+sampling&*&spf=115 Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a test done during the early stages of pregnancy to detect congenital abnormalities in the fetus. It allows the mother to be checked for any signs of Down’s syndrome, Edwards’

Prenatal diagnosis of fetuses for the detection of pathogens and defects has also been a problem potentially solved by velcro. Circulating fetal nucleated cells are the most accurate form of genomic DNA determination, and nanoVelcro microchips hybridizing for detection has shown promising results. The Velcro microchips use maternal blood to collect chromosomal aberrations, gender, and defects. They use looping alongside immunochemistry are currently validated methods that are pose very little risk with high reward (Hou, 2017).

The next technique routinely performed for prenatal diagnosis is amniocentesis. A long needle is inserted into the mother’s uterus to withdraw a sample of amniotic fluid containing cells shed by the fetus. The cells are cultured and analyzed for chromosome abnormalities. Despite the lengthy time in obtaining results because the cells need to be cultured, this method has become widely accepted as a safe and accurate way to determine genetic disorders.

Recent advances in prenatal diagnostic techniques have enabled early prenatal diagnosis of a wide variety of genetic disorders. IUSCT has the following advantages over postnatal therapy: the immune system of the fetus at early gestation is still immature; which is the basis for the unique immunologic tolerance phenomenon described many years ago (2). Such tolerance allows incorporation of the donor stem cells (engraftment) without need for myeloablation or use of immunosuppressors. Also, the sterile environment inside the uterus facilitates remodeling of the fetal immune system (3). Another major advantage of IUSCT is small size of the fetus at early gestation compared to postnatal size allowing transfusion of higher concentrations of stem cells (4). These factors contribute to the promising potential of IUSCT in managing wide variety of genetic disorders.

Fertility research has shown continuous work to optimize the diagnostic tools and improve the potential outcome of the normal and assisted pregnancy in the last century.

Nature has a cruel way of dooming innocent children to horribly short and painful lives. Genetically inherited diseases such as hemophilia and Downs syndrome could be identified and treated while the baby is still in the mothers womb. This could spare countless innocent

Every state within the United States runs its own newborn screening program which test for at least 30 serious conditions which are treatable if caught early. The program is designed to save lives and uses the dried blood sample collected during the first week after birth. The blood sample is used to measure the presence of disease markers. The current newborn screening programs are fast, cost effective, and accurate in identifying disease before symptoms appear. Genome sequencing cost have now decrease to a price range like other complex medical test to be readily available for clinical application. It is possible for genome sequencing to replace or supplement the existing traditional panels for newborn screening tests. The