RESEARCH ART I C L E
Insights intothe dynamics of bacterial communities during chalcopyrite bioleaching
Zhiguo He1,2, Fengling Gao1,2, Jiancun Zhao1,2, Yuehua Hu1,2 & Guanzhou Qiu1,2
1School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and 2Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
Correspondence: Zhiguo He, School of
Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
410083, China. Tel./fax: 186 731 88879815; e-mail: zhighe@gmail.com
Received 19 December 2009; revised 14 April
2010; accepted 17 June 2010.
Final version published online 3 August 2010.
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00943.x
Editor: Alfons Stams
Keywords
DGGE;…show more content… A Geneamp thermocycler (Biometra, T-Grandient, Germany) was used to incubate reactions through an initial denaturation at
94 1C for 2min, followed by 35 cycles of 94 1C for 40 s, 55 1C for 30 s, and 72 1C for 1min, and completed with an extension period of 10min at 72 1C. Products from the amplification reactions of expected size (about 1500 bp) were pooled and purified before ligation. PCR amplification of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene was carried out following the PCR program described above with two different sets of archaea-specific primers, which were as follows: S-D-Arch-0025-a-S-17 (50-CT
GGTTGATCCTGCCAG-30) (Robb et al., 1995) or S-D-Arch-
0344-a-S-20 (50-ACGGGGCGCAGCAGGCGCGA-30) (Weisburg et al., 1991) with S--Univ-1517-a-A-21 (50-ACGGC
TACCTTGTTACGACTT-30) (Raskin et al., 1994) to yield
1500- or 1120-bp PCR products, respectively.
Cloning, RFLP, and sequencing
The purified PCR products were ligated into the vector
PGEM-T (Promega Corporation), and used to transform
DH5a competent host cells. About 120 white colonies were randomly selected from each library. The transformation efficiency was around 5108 CFUmg1 DNA, as determined using an external control provided with the PGEM-T vector system (Promega Corporation). For RFLP determination and sequencing, the inserted fragments were amplified with the vector-specific T7 and SP6 primers. These unpurified
PCR products were digested with two restriction
Bioleaching of Gold Ore
Table of Contents
Title Page i
Table of Contents ii
ABSTRACT iii
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2.1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF BIOLEACHING 4-5
2.2 TYPES OF BIOLEACHING 5-7
2.3 GOLD ORES APPLICABLE TO BIOLEACHING 7
2.4 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL GOLD ORE TREATMENT 7-9
2.5 OPTOMIZING THE BIOLEACHING PROCESS 9-11
2.6 ADVANTAGES OF BIOLEACHING OF GOLD ORE 11
2
RESEARCH ART I C L E
Insights intothe dynamics of bacterial communities during
chalcopyrite bioleaching
Zhiguo He1,2, Fengling Gao1,2, Jiancun Zhao1,2, Yuehua Hu1,2 & Guanzhou Qiu1,2
1School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and 2Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry
of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
Correspondence: Zhiguo He, School of
Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
410083
The mining sector is made up of organisations whose primary activity is the extraction of naturally occurring mineral solids or natural resources. Examples of these types of minerals are coal, ores and precious stones. The mining industry also broadly covers quarrying and well operations. The sector comprises two basic activities: mine operations and mining support activities.
"Mine operations" involve setting up the mine, quarry or well for the organization, or on behalf of another organization
wiring because of its high electrical conductivity.
* Copper, gold and aluminum are all alloyed with other metals to make them harder.
C 3.6. Metallic issues:
* There are social and environmental issues associated with exploiting ores.
* Plants can remove metals from low grade ores. The metal can be recovered by processing the ash from burning the plants.
* Recycling metals saves energy and our limited metal ores (and fossil fuels). The pollution from extracting metals is also reduced