Biological Anthropologists

Before science is introduced to the human society, people always use religious beliefs to describe the mysterious phenomenon. However, as science becomes advanced, people gradually lost in the relationship between it and religious beliefs. In the essay “In the Forest of Gombe”, Jane Goodall spends long time with chimpanzees in the forests to recover from her husband’s death. During this period, she learns new ideas from the chimps and finds herself back, and understands the complicated relationship between scientific ideas and religious beliefs. Thus, to uncover peace, people have to understand themselves first instead of focusing on problems permanently.

Ross Greene, an experienced conservationist working and residing in the African Congo, sprints to his run-down Jeep, the car keys jingling in the pocket of his dirty cargo shorts. In a few short seconds, Ross’ vehicle roars to life, transporting him to yet another wildlife catastrophe caused by tree loggers in the nearby area. On this particular sunny day, a family of young gorillas has lost their home in the forest, their hair-raising cries and shrieks traveling for miles on end. Ross cringes as he hears the horrible noises, because no animal should have to go through this stressful process in the name of consumer goods. This type of situation is no new occurrence to Ross; Ever since loggers have taken over this area of the African Congo,

Second, the chimpanzees are very similar to humans in terms of intellectual ability. The chimps are very smart, can learn different skills very quickly, and they have different personalities according to their social behavior and experiences throughout their lives. After reading the chapter one, Gombe, Goodall explains their tool-making skill very courteously, not only humans can make different types of tools to use according to their needs, but chimps are also very smart. They can find a way to gather their food by using this skill like our ancestors used to do before we started to grow our food. Goodall clarifies her point through an example where David picks up some part of grass, trims it,

(1)The book, “A Primate 's Memoir,” by American biologist, Robert Sapolsky is divided into four parts. These four parts detail the stages of both his research of the behavior of a troop of African baboons and his unintentional research of human behavior as to himself through his encounters and experiences as a young researcher in Kenya, Africa for the first time.

Forensic Anthropologists work long hours which include weekends and evenings to fulfill their duties as a teacher, researcher or consultant. This would affect their salaries based on the work they have done. Generally consulting Forensic Anthropologist’s earn fees ranging from $100 to $200 an hour for their assistance. The salaries differ depending on their rank, employer, location and other factors. The lowest 10 percent earn as little as $31,310 annually while the top 10 percent earn as much as $89,440 annually. People with five or more years of experience can make up to $75,000 per year but it does depend on the work. For example if an individual were working at the federal level their median wage would be $70,800.

Dian Fossey was a normal young lady that had the dream of taking part in the research of gorillas in Africa. She attended a conference one evening that was given by Dr. Louis Leaky. Dr. Leaky talked about the enormous problem of keeping the gorillas that roamed the Virunga Mountains of Africa from going extinct. He explained the

The gap is only 1% between chimp and human genes, which means that Goodall finds the pure goodness of human nature in chimpanzees. In the observation of chimpanzees, the behaviors are similar to humans social behavior. Goodall refers "I heard sounds of greetings as Fifi and her family joined Melissa and hers" (147). Through this process, she finds many precious qualities of chimpanzees. Chimpanzee have a variety of postures and gestures to communicate with others. The core of this finding is that chimpanzees not only have family ambience, but also have a friendship. Such behaviors and thinkings are almost the same with human beings. However, people cannot only pay attention to chimp's resemblances. The most pressing problem is how humans and other creatures get along well. As Goodall asks "Were we going to go on destroying God's creation, fighting each other, hurting the other creatures of His planet" (Goodall 150). Chimpanzees and humans have common behaviors and minds, so medical research uses chimpanzees and other primates as experiments. Some scientists want to observe animals in the effectiveness of new drugs and toxicity who are closest to humans. Some are looking for the pathogenesis of some diseases or genes. No matter what kinds of animal experiments, which are completely, damaging the rest of life on earth. The animal experiment just satisfies such curiosity and longing

She observed perhaps more as an anthropologist than a biologist or psychologist. Goodall introduced herself in the population, slowly integrating herself to serve in her observation. She gave the chimps names, she described the behavior in terms that it would have been described if that exact behavior had been seen in a human. Her observations were not cold, they created an intricate picture of the individuals at Gombe, their lives, and their stories. It is perhaps because of her way of reporting information that it has been so influential; it reads like a story, it is accessible to the general public. Had the chimps been given names and described in scientific jargon, her work would surely not be as well-known as it is now. Her approach to studying the chimps can perhaps help others studies in animal behavior, psychology, anthropology, and more in breaking out of any barriers conventional scientific methods might place on

Chapter 1: Dian Fossey plans a trip for seven weeks to Africa where she will study gorillas and meet scientists Louis and Mary Leakey. Fossey goes with the Leakey’s to look at a giraffe fossil at an excavation site. She ends up falling into the ditch where the fossil was, breaking her ankle and throwing up all over the fossil. After two weeks of recovering, Fossey goes to study gorillas with Alan Root, a photographer, and his wife, Joan. After watching the gorillas, Fossey returns to her hometown, Louisville, Kentucky. Dr. Leakey then offers Fossey an opportunity to study gorillas in Africa for a long period of time, and it will be completely free for Fossey. Fossey agrees and once again begins her trip to Africa. She goes out with her

Schiebinger argues that Linnaeus' essentialist view of on mammary glands as definers of animal excellence influenced his process of classification. Her article explains the historical context of breasts in eighteenth-century England and how the growing importance of breast-feeding influenced the creation of the Mammalia. Furthermore, Schiebinger illustrates how this classification aided in regulating role of women in society to mothers, who need to remain in the private sector for the health and safety of children. Women became the symbol of nurturing care and affection making them unfit for the unregulated, rough public sector. This same understanding of women's roles led to the scientific discoveries about chimpanzees made by Jane Goodall. Haraway describes in this article how Dr.Goodall's status as a woman, and therefore less threatening and more nurturing, made her the perfect candidate to interact with chimpanzees. Haraway's argues that gender, science, and race, are a triple code, which inform our study of science and its

The book What it means to be 98% chimpanzee was written by Jonathan Marks in 2002. As a book it brings up crucial issues that must be consider when reading scientific studies. More often than not, science brings new and exciting information into our lives, enlightening us and allowing us to be more knowledgeable individuals. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Marks brings to light the fact that even science, a subject we consider to be data based and to some extent factual, can be influenced by culture and bias. Within the first five chapters of his book, Marks brings a multitude of cases in which scientists have misused or misinterpreted data to draw faulty conclusions. Two methods by which scientist authoritatively convey unreliable

Goodall, J. (1971). In the Shadow of Man. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. The author’s goal in writing this book is to discuss her experiences and what she had learned from studying wild Chimpanzees. Goodall wrote this book in order to convey her knowledge of a species of animal she loves very much, so that others may become educated and join her in protecting them. She dreamed of going to Africa to see them, and was offered a job by Dr. Lewis Leakey. Goodall wanted nothing more than a chance to help. Her experiences in surrounding herself with them have completely changed the way scientists conduct field research. Whether she intended to or not, the data she has collected has debunked myths and uncovered truths about chimpanzees, while bringing more light to human behavior.

Jane Goodall is a historical woman that has taught human beings not only about chimpanzees, but human nature as well. This primatologist held on to a dream from childhood that advanced into reality. Jane quietly and patiently observed chimps in Africa, and then recorded their every move. Many important discoveries came about because of this. Jane Goodall has remarkably changed the perception of chimpanzees and humans alike.

The use of tools comes to practice everyday as chimpanzees collect food from the jungle. Goodall describes how chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe National Park use straw and blades of grass poke holes to hunt for termites by “squatting beside the termite nest, pushing and withdrawing the long grass stem through a hole”. Moreover, during Gooddal’s research, she observed chimpanzees modifying tools, such as small leafy twigs, thus showing the beginnings of tool making. Chimpanzees in West Africa also use tools to get honey from underground bees’ nests. Recently, scientists found out that chimpanzees living in West Savannah use deadly spears from sticks and hand crafted tools to hunt for small animals.

Jane Goodall is the first woman out of three, known as the Trimates, to be sent by Louis Leakey, to study primates in their natural habitat. During her expedition, Goodall studied chimpanzees. She was the first person in history to ever to record the way chimpanzees act in their natural habitat. She observed them eating animals they hunted, eating other monkeys, and using tools to acquire more food. After, announcing her major discoveries Goodall was met with criticism by other researchers because of her lack of using