Biological Diversity in Mangrove Forests Essay

Mangroves are halophyte plants that are physiologically amended to survive in habitat containing high concentration of salt in the soil water even though salt is not a physical requirement for growth; hence they are facultative halophytes (Dictionary, 2015). Mangroves at Nudgee Beach have developed three special mechanisms to manage the excess salt levels in their environment due to the disability of enzymes function at high salt concentration. Each species of mangroves are able to either: exclude (prevent salt entering), extrude (take salt out) or accumulate large amounts sodium chloride, enabling them to survive in their ecosystem (University of Sydney, 2015). Some species of mangrove have more than one of the above characteristics. The process

It is predicted that the distribution and the abundance of both the animals and plants of the mangroves ecosystem would differ depending on the locations and the effects of the abiotic factors.

Mangrove Forest is another type of ecosystem in South Texas. Mangrove Forests are found along the coast in salty waters and the general abiotic conditions are high salinity flooded soils, low wave energy, high temperatures, and muddy soils. Black Mangrove and Buttonwood are the dominant plant species in South Texas Mangrove Forest ecosystem. Buttonwood is adapted to this ecosystem because it resides inland where there is less salty conditions. Black Mangrove is adapted to sandy salty clay soil and requires protection from wave action and they are sensitive to cold weather. Some common animal species that live in Mangrove Forests are many species of fish, crabs, mollusks, and birds. Mangrove forests provide a habitat, shelter, and nursery to these species that reside in this ecosystem. Mangrove forest serve as a coastal protection from severe storms and hurricanes also help remove pollutants and erosion. The economic importance of Mangrove forest is that they support fisheries, water purification, tourism, and coastal protection. Human activities pose a threat to Mangrove Forests because of the removal of some mangroves, boat waves, oil spills, dredging, draining, and diking.

Zonation is the distribution of animals and plants into specific zones according to abiotic factors and characterised by its dominant species [15]. Mangrove zonation is the distinguishable categorisation of a mangrove ecosystem that extends from shore to inland regions. Definitive spatial variation of mangrove species has been recognised amongst different ecosystems worldwide and is accredited as being influenced by abiotic and environmental factors [16]. In Eastern Australia, the majority of mangrove forests may be divided into landward, middle and seaward zones, based off of their placement in relation to tidal position. The following points represent the typical physiognomies characterised by mangroves in their corresponding zones:

Mangroves are trees and shrubs forming forests on the coastal wetlands, typically growing between saltmarsh and seagrass beds. Sydney Olympic park is the main habitat for the grey Mangrove and the planted river

Primary producers produce their own nutrients, and make their own food through photosynthesis. Those organisms are plankton and sea weeds. The second on trophic levels are the secondary consumers such as smaller fish and sea urchins. Third on the trophic levels are decomposers. Decomposers are lobsters and sea turtles. Tertiary consumers are the top of the food chain, they are sharks and bigger fish. Predation is major in a coral reef because there is so much food supply. Mimicry is used to keep the predators away but wearing bright

Ecosystems is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment that work together to form a functional unit and they are constantly changing due to the fluctuating equilibrium from natural stress and human action which has had adversarial impacts on ecosystems. This is evident in Minnamurra rainforest as human induced modifications and environmental stresses had resulted in a vulnerable ecosystem. Furthermore, the removal of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of an ecosystem is important as it affect the functioning of the ecosystem as processes are accelerated, biodiversity is decreased which greatly affects humans. Despite the negative effects caused by humans, they have discovered that ecosystems are susceptible from harm caused by natural environmental factors or human impacts and realised the importance of protecting and managing ecosystems therefore have implemented management strategies that are supposed to prevent further detriment and as a consequence may induce resiliency.

The plants range from dangerous to harmless, from boring to interesting. The plants are very interesting to many people. Here are some of the plants, their information, and what they do. The corals turn into exterior skeletons and over thousands of years, exterior skeletons form thick, ring shaped coral reefs. Also, they colonize the water around the volcanoes. The mangrove forests are home to many animals like heron egrets, and frigate birds. The mangrove trees are one of the toughest trees in the world. The reef is home to lots of animals, and the animals are sea fans, sea worms, and sea sponges. Tawny sharks also hide in the coral caves during the day. The plants make the island lush. From corals to trees to reefs. The mangrove trees are very large, and are home to many animals. The plants make the island very beautiful and colorful. If these plants didn’t exist, then Aldabra would be dull, and not colorful.

Rainforests are the most valuable environmental entity on this earth as they provide the world with the majority of its species of animals and plants, food resources, and

One of the most diverse and biologically rich marine ecosystems is the coral reef. Almost every ecosystem has a greater purpose, coral reef are no exception. For instance they serve as barriers for hurricanes, and other catastrophic storms, their chemicals treat diseases, and one of the most important function is they are a major source of food for humans. But that is just the benefits for humans, they provide shelter and food for numerous organisms, such as fish, turtles, dolphins, and several other marine life.

Primary users in this ecosystem comprise of zooplankton. Secondary consumers are fish that eat plankton. Tertiary consumers include sharks and barracudas, which are at the top of the food chai/web.

There are many organisms living, thriving and surviving off of the mangrove forests. Mangroves are always being affected by natural and unnatural factors that create significant threats to this precious ecosystem (Mangrove Watch, 2016). The natural factors can occur seasonally, annually and periodically, with severe events including cyclones and anything else that affects all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living)

Manatees are herbivores and therefore consume a wide variety of aquatic vegetation. Within a manatee’s large intestine exists a microbial environment that helps manatees to be able to digest large amounts of plant material. A manatee can consume 10-15% of their body weight in vegetation daily. On average manatees can weigh between 800 and 1,200 pounds. Therefore, a manatee can consume about 80 to 180 pounds of vegetation per day! Manatees mostly graze upon submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), emergent and floating vegetation, but manatees have also been spotted feeding on the leaves from overhanging branches, like that of a mangrove tree. Manatees also consume various species of algae found on surfaces such as rocks or boat docks. Additionally,

Connections Between the Rainforest's Biotic Factors - Species inside of the rainforest biological community rely on upon one another for survival. Azteca ants, for instance, live on Swollen Thorn Acacia Trees. The trees give the ants sustenance and a spot to live, and the ants shield the tree from predators by battling gatecrashers and keeping different plants from developing around the tree. Rainforest creatures additionally have a tendency to have adjustments that permit them to eat nourishments from plants that different creatures can't eat. Case in point, toucans have expansive, solid mouths that let them eat nuts that different feathered creatures with littler noses can't eat. Natural product trees depend on creatures to eat their leafy

Crossing the Mangrove by Maryse Condé first published in 1989, offers a fitting representation of French Caribbean history and culture. The novel stands out for its celebration of diversity and the concept of root identity throughout French Caribbean society. Condé’s novel reflects on the people living in Guadeloupe and the complex system that colonialism has created in the Caribbean. Also, it links the créolité movement from its counterpart Negritude and demonstrates how it shapes the identity of individuals living in the French Caribbean. The population of Rivière au Sel exemplifies the mixture of Guadeloupian people and how they interact with each other in a small community. Countless waves of immigrates to the Caribbean have brought African, East Indian, Europeans, Asians and other racial groups to live in close proximity to each other in Guadeloupe. In Praise of Creoleness, it explains the emergences of créolité and how it is a metaphor for a unique Caribbean identity completely separated from other movement in the Caribbean.