Biological Robustness

In our experiment our team answered the question, “Why do living organism respond to their environment factors?” using pill bugs or Armadillidiidae. Our purpose to answer the question is to understand the characteristics of a living organism. Specifically, the characteristic of how Living Things Respond to Their Environment. Our hypotenuses that where that if the pill bug is exposed to water, then the pill bug will be close to water; If the pill exposed to heat, then the pill bugs will stay a distance and our third hypotenuse is if the pill bugs is exposed to a stable environment exposed to nothing, then it will search for a suitable environment. The purpose of using pill bugs is to have a creature that can be manipulated and record data easily.

The author explains the basics of DNA by describing the simple part of it, “proteins are the molecules that do all of the work in every organism, from carrying oxygen, to building tissue, to copying DNA for the next generation” (Carroll 73). He also explained the four bases that are building blocks that are held together by strong bonds and are represented by the letters A, C, G and T. Scientist also learned that A and T always pair with each other as well as G and C, this helps them because if they know one strand of DNA they already know the second because of how the bases match up. The author states that scientists have found about 500 genes that exist in all forms of life, the author explains that these genes are “immortal”. These genes have endured millions of years of evolution and have not been mutated because they are essential for every organism to have; these genes can have important jobs such as decoding of the DNA and RNA and making

C) Each organic molecule is modular and the smaller molecules or monomers can be constructed into larger molecules or polymers (Open Learning Initiative, 2015, pg.63).

Introduction: This essay will explore the cell cycle, cancer, cancer, mitosis and meioses, genetic variation, Mendelian genetics, and complex genetic inheritance. Each area will be broken down in further detail, and the result should demonstrate the knowledge learned on the subjects.

During the spring semester of my sophomore year, I had the opportunity to study in Singapore. My coursework included a wide selection of advanced-level biology classes that spanned the spectrum from anatomy to ecology. I was intrigued by the complexity that emerged at all levels of life. The way organelles work together to complete

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, became an important model organism for the study of human genetics and for the establishment of more biological principles (Roberts 2006). This organism became a good candidate to work with because of its short life cycle, its inexpensiveness, small size, its genetic variability, easily cultured and its ability to produce many offspring. Nichols and Phandey made an important discovery: approximately 75% of disease-causing genes in humans are homologous to genes found in Drosophila melanogaster (Russell and Tickoo). This is an important observation, because it made it possible to discover treatments for human diseases. For example, the fly has a tumor gene homologous to the human LATS1 gene.

Genetic instability refers to temporary or permanent unscheduled alterations within the genome occur and can occur both at chromosomal or nucleotide level. Instability at nucleotide level consists of increased frequency of base-pair mutation or amplified number of nucleotide repeat units such as trinucleotide repeats (TNR) in a gene which will show altered expression and malfunction of RNA and/or protein (Castel et al., 2010).

Biology, the study of life and living organisms, is complex and encompasses a multitude of theories and ideas. In AP Biology, the fourth unit covered was genetics. Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 18 in the textbook, Campbell’s Biology in Focus, not only discusses the four main ideas of biology: evolution, energy, information, and systems, but it also gives examples of each in order to help guide the reader’s understanding of the concepts.

There are many models of addiction, and dependency that have been suggested based on research, according to (Clinton & Scalise 2013). The text Addiction and Recovery Counseling, 2state “the biological model focus on unique biological conditions, such as abnormal drug metabolism and brain sensitivity to explain addiction” (Clinton & Scalise, 2013, p. 27).

Not only does natural selection operate at the level of the gene, it has also been found to operate at the level of the cell. Since different cell types within an individual have different rates of division, the morphology of organisms results from selection at the level of the cell (Lewontin, 1970). Natural selection is a strong force at the cellular level due to high levels of variation and therefore multiplication, and heredity which favors the cell lineages that are better adapted to leaving behind descendent cells (Smith, 1987). An example of natural selection operating at the level of the cell is shown by clonal selection theory of immunity where normal tissue repair and neoplastic growth are results of natural selection at the cellular level (Lewonith, 1970). Normal tissue repair occurs as a response to destruction of tissue, where certain cell types reproduce faster than normal in order to repair the tissue, then returns to a normal rate after repair (Lewonith, 1970).

Biological Perspective is the relationship between the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution, also the behavior and mental process. I feel that on both sides they are almost the same. When you talk about dreams that is kind of mental and what happens in the brain. The behavior of what you were doing before the on-set of dreams, fantasies and thoughts. Did you have a bad day or a lot on your mind or under a lot of stress. So I feel that both side are hand and hand.

The biological school of thought relied on strict biological characteristics, which we saw in the theories of Lombroso, Goring, Hooton, Sheldon and others (Akers & Sellers, 2013). As America moved into the 20th century, the application of biologically oriented theories eventually began to shrink (Lilly, Cullen & Ball, 2011, p.36). However, today we see a more modern biological school of thought. This more modern approach contains biological explanations that are based on new scientific discoveries and technical

The biological approach tries to explain that all behaviour from humans come through the biology of genes, neurochemistry and hormones. These all come within the body and how we react is through our feelings and emotions. Theories for example the MAOA gene and ‘warrior’ gene can claim the reason as to why males are aggressive. However psychologist have come to realisation that maybe the biological approach isn’t the reason why beings are aggressive or act the way they do. An different theory could be the Social Learning Theory which commands that people learn behaviour from the environment in front of

The biological domain refers to the physical elements and genetic systems within our bodies that impact on or are influenced by our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Our genes are one type of physical component within our bodies that usually influence our personalities. A person’s genetic construct determines whether their hair is curly or straight, or their eyes are black or hazel, if they are of a large structure or a slight build. It seems also that our genetic makeup influences how active one can be, or whether the person is hot-tempered and disagreeable and if they prefer to be private or friendly. A person having the knowledge and understanding of genetics would know that it is a part of

Eukaryotes come in two grades of organization: single-celled (protists) and multicellular (plants, animals, and fungi). The world today is full of complex multicellular plants and animals: how, why, and when did they evolve from protists?