Biological Theories Of Aging Essay

Scientist have seen that telomerase expressing clones have no difference in karyotype but have a long lifespan by 20 doublings. With this research, cells have been seen to have a very youthful looking state for much longer. A last area of study is the hypothalamus of the brain. This part of the brain controls reproduction, growth, metabolism, and aging. This is where many of the age related diseases occur. The study of this area can lead to many advancements in age related diseases that can help people live longer. Though this area of study does not have many advancements it holds promising results. Though there have been numerous advancements, many people ask the question whether people need to live longer because of an already over populated Earth.

However, cancer cells use an enzyme called telomerase that adds more telomeres to cells so that the cancerous cells can multiply for a much longer amount of time. The Hayflick limit shortens our life spans but we have it so that we can live for a few decades or so more than we could without it. Dr. Moalem says that this programmed aging benefits humans by allowing us to evolve more quickly and making sure that any infected humans don’t infect the next generation. This reading modified my view on diseases and inheritance because I never thought that aging could be something that you evolve into. Death has a way of making itself feel prominent everywhere you go, so imagining a world where organisms were just evolving into this modern reality is difficult. I found it interesting that aging is an advantage even though it feels like a disadvantage to many. Dr. Moalem mentioned, “...the same researchers who first linked progeria-relating aging to normal aging also demonstrated that it is possible to reverse the cellular damage caused by progeria.” If more people spent time researching this and worked together, they could possibly reverse aging in people as

Reduced health problems or occurrence of disability causing diseases is one of the major problems in ageing process besides an extended life span. Daf-2 was one of the first few genes that were discovered to be directly involved in extending the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (Kenyon et al., 1993). Considerable evidence in past has been provided by the association of mitochondrial abnormalities (Trifunovic and Larsson, 2008), genetic instability, altered intercellular signaling, an imbalance in hormones and reduced cell replacement capacity as key players in regulating cellular ageing (Figure 2 A). Being a central component involved in cellular metabolism and a major factor in disease occurrence, various studies utilizing protein quality

The biological theory of aging is connecting the process that caused organism to develop by a process of evolution. It is belonging to the essential nature of aging such as decreases body function like lung capacity or loss of brain cells. These could lead people to become lower in physical function including putting the person’s life at dangerous illness and makes easier to death. The error theory is the cause of aging in the normal function of the body which is staying over time. Moreover, these biological and error theories are related both two main categories and those theories might interact with each other in complicate way. Because programmed and error theories had been proposed to describe the process of aging, but none of them appears

Ageing affects majority part of the body systems including cells, organs and tissues. It is characterised by the gradual loss of function and eventually affects the whole organism. Many studies on simple model organisms on genetic and molecular biology, many genes and pathways involved in longevity have been identified, helping to depict the molecular scenario of ageing.

One of the underlying assumptions is, aging is regulated by genes, and overexpression of sir2 in yeast leads to an increase in lifespan. Another assumption is, aging is a universal and genuine process and its mechanisms are conserved in all organisms. Consequently, researchers specifically examined the dosage of sir2 proteins in C.elegans. Moreover, it is also assumed that all the animals tested, are under

According to the book Gerontology for the Health Care Professional it states that aging is a universal process shared by all living organism where as disease is a selective process, varying with species, organs, tissue, cell and molecules. Aging is intrinsic where as disease intrinsic and extrinsic dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. Aging is always progressive where as disease maybe discontinuous and may progress, regress or be arrested entirely. Aging in always deleterious and likely to reduce functional competence where as disease is occasionally deleterious often causing damage that is reversible. Aging is irreversible where as disease may be treatable and often has a known cause. Cigarette smoking starts out as a lifestyle

Telomeres are directly correlated to the aging of a human body. Although some people might think that shorter telomere lengths are detrimental, the natural shortening of these telomeres are essential to healthy and normal aging. It is natural for cells to divide through mitosis, but each time cells are split telomeres are lost through the process. This is why the telomere maintenance system was evolved to protect the ends of chromosomes (Prescott, Kraft, & Chasman, 2011). Every time a cell is divided, its telomeres are weakened, and stress can accelerate this weakening, and biologically age the person. As a

Aging is unavoidable for humans. Many changes occur in our body during this aging process and in elderly this process brings many illnesses and many chronic conditions. By 2021, the expected proportion of elderly (over the age of 65 years) in New Zealand would reach approximately 17% (Broad, Boyd, Kerse, Whitehead, Chelimo, Lay-Yee, Randow, Foster & Connolly, 2011). Due to the progressive aging population in New Zealand and worldwide, it demands better medical care. As we enter the new period of health reforms there seems to be foreseeable aging population. This causes the severe staff shortage and skills with the health sector. New Zealand is, among other countries to up bring its own within the health sector and up skill them in the right roles (Callister, Badkar & Didham, 2011). Thus, it is important to consider the problems and have new innovative ideas to effectively manage the collaboration in health services, quality and safety, health workforce and new technologies to make this task easier. The aim of this paper is to discuss the integration and collaboration between health services in aged care facilities, the health workforce challenges within aged care facilities. Moreover how this impacts the quality and safety. The introduction of ICT in aged care and its effects. Integration and collaboration (750) Due to multiple chronic conditions, it is likely that the elderly communities are the highest users of acute care/hospital services. This leads

Engaging in physical activity has a strong influence on the health and wellbeing of every individual and can reduce the risks of many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. Although physical activity cannot reverse the progression of chronic diseases once they begin, it can surely reduce the rate of it’s development but is dependent of one’s lifestyle and engagement in physical activity. It is fact that with age there are a number of physiological and cognitive changes that take place within the body, with some appearing earlier than others. It is understood that losing strength, developing disease, and losing energy are simply a part of the natural aging process (Camicioli et al, 1997). But with the growing number of studies that focus on exercise and life span, body fat loss, increasing strength, and reducing the incidence of certain diseases, through regular exercise over the years, it is becoming clear that inactivity - not aging per se, is one of the primary reasons for most, if not all, types of chronic diseases (Lamy, 2012). However, it is an ongoing challenge to encourage the aging population to engage in physical activity. This may be because of lack of motivation, fear of injury, or lack of time to name a few. Nevertheless, that does not mean that all individuals who make up the aging population – those ages 65 and over – are inactive. The

the age group (20 to 35 y) in sun-exposed skin. C, A higher H-score was significantly associated with the age group (20 to 35 y) in

Every day we naturally lose skin and blood cells throughout our body; however, these cells are replaced through the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells found in pools throughout our bodies. Stem cells are found in most adult mammalian tissues, where they maintain normal tissue homeostasis and participate in tissue repair and regeneration in response to damage (Lui & Rando 2011). The physiological process of aging may be the result of stem cell loss and a decline in the homeostatic and regenerative capacity of all tissues and organs (Lui & Rando 2011). In fact, the stem cell theory of aging proposes that as we age, we fail to replenish the unique pool of stem cells. Consequently, this prevents us from replacing lost, differentiated cells and results in the inability to maintain and repair damaged tissues or organs. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the loss of stem cell function and find plausible solutions for treating age-related diseases.

Chapter 6, Youth and Aging, analyzes how age is percieved throughtout society as a whole. It looks at how the youth are treated and how the elderly are treated. I am very passionate about section 6.6, Problems of the Elderly, because I think we need to focus on giving support to the elderly. I think it is especially important as the dependency ratio is increasing and as the amount of elderly increase the amount of services they need will also increase.

The endocrine theory proposes that the endocrine system is largely responsible for the ageing process as it regulates hormones in the body. As humans age chronologically, their systems become more ineffective leading to changes in the body such as menopause. These changes subsequently cause biological ageing. The evidence to support this theory was collected by conducting an experiment on mice in which the pituitary gland (controlling the endocrine system) was removed. The mice were given the necessary hormones to survive.

Senescence, being the biological term for aging, is unstoppable so far in scientific discovery. It is known that humans are constantly aging over the course of their life, but there are many theories regarding what exactly causes aging. 2 of the main theories are that aging is a process that our cells have programmed within them, and that aging is the cumulative effect of damage to our bodies over the course of our lives. Ultimately, aging is down to many more factors than just these, like changes in our genome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Often, as the body gets weaker, these problems manifest themselves as disease and the body loses its ability to contest physical stress – increasing the rate of mortality. There are also diseases that speed up the aging process, like Werner syndrome, when people in their teens go through accelerated aging.