Biological Therapy Case Study

Before we determine how stem cells can treat various diseases including spinal cord injuries, let us first

In humans adult stem cells, not embryonic stem cells, have been used in therapies for more than forty years. People with blood disorders have used stem cell therapy to take the opportunity to improve upon their life. On the other hand, embryonic stem cells have a very high potential to treat or even cure numerous diseases like diabetes and heart disease. They are much more versatile in their usage compared to adult stem cells. Another practical use for embryonic stem cells is to treat damaged nerves ("Testing The Use…”). These nerves could have been impaired in a spinal cord injury. As of today, scientists have already performed stem cell transplants in people whose cells were damaged through chemotherapy of disease.

In a study done by Emadedin et al. in 2012, they injected MSC from each respective patients bone marrow, into six female volunteers with evidence of knee OA that was severe enough to require joint replacement surgery. The authors described a detailed, meticulous procedure in how they obtained the MSC from the patient’s bone marrow, and made it into the cells they needed for the procedure. They injected the patient’s affected knee joints with the stem cells and followed up with them in one year. At the one year mark, Emadedin et al. (2012) found that overall, the study was successful in decreasing pain and increasing the patients walking distance for the first 6 months. However, they discovered that 3 of the

Stem cells are being used more and more to help patients recover from severe injuries that in the past left them with sensory deficits and open to other medical problems. Stem Cell Moore helps patients who suffer from painful joint and back pain regain movement and enjoy a pain-free life. Doctors performing these procedures are a part of a network of over 400 physicians worldwide supply plasma

In a test of 50 patients with osteoarthritis, 43 of them reported lasting pain relief greater than 45% over a 1 year period (Rich et al). This article was published in 2015 and has an even lower margin of error than that of Centeno. This shows that the use of mesenchymal stem cells is still a growing field of study, which in the future will likely have better results. Further research and testing will give way to advances that will allow more mesenchymal stem cell therapy to be used for clinical purposes and help reduce the pain of people

Questions still stand about how effective stem cell injections truly are. Is it any safer to use for spinal injuries than physical therapy, and other rehabilitative practices. A clinical trial was done that compared the treatment of patients with spinal cord injuries recovery. The patients were

NANDA: A pattern of regulating and integrating into daily living a program for treatment of illness and the sequelae of illness that is unsatisfactory for meeting specific health goals.

Stem cell therapies are a promising potential treatment to fill those gaps in the circuitry on the spinal cord. They

Because of their ability to differentiate into specialized cells, embryonic stem cells can have the potential of treating a wide range of diseases. Some of these diseases include heart disease, Parkinson 's disease, and diabetes (Kelly 5). The regenerative properties of stem cells allow scientists to potentially restore damaged muscle, and perhaps even damaged nerve tissue. The discovery of embryonic stem cells is so important that it opened up a new field of medicine called regenerative medicine. Although embryonic stem cells are not the answer to all diseases known to man, other types of stem cells are being used to effectively treat

What unique values do you see in working with Stan from a multilayered, systemic perspective as opposed to an individual therapy approach

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was discovered in 1944 by Avery and colleagues. Avery identified DNA as the primary genetic material. Watson and Crick later discovered the double helix structure of DNA. Leder and co-workers deciphered the triple nucleotide code that designated the amino acids from which proteins were built. The science of molecular biology was born (Sokol, Gewirtz, 1996). In 1990 a four year old girl who was suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was the first to undergo gene therapy. White blood cells were removed from the girl and the cells were inserted with normal copies of the defective gene and returned into the girls circulation. Her condition improved with four treatments and

“Although we are all members of a single species, we differ from one another in such visible traits as the color of our skin and the shape of our noses, and in biochemical factors such as our blood types and our susceptibility to certain diseases” (Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, 2013, p. 34). To understand human physical development and evolution one has to understand biological anthropology as the focus on humans as biological organisms. Biological anthropologist conduct research, and form techniques of modern molecular biology to learn about human variation and how it relates to different environment humans lived in as well as their conditions.

Gene therapy has shown to be successful in the treatment of some monogenic recessive disorders affecting the haemopoietic system, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, by semi-randomly integrating functional genes into the genome of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Severe combined immunodeficiency is an X-linked inherited disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA), which is vital for the development of lymphocytes. In the year 2000 in Paris, researchers were able to successfully treat the immune defect in infants with a life threatening X-linked severe combined immune deficiency (SCID-X) with gene therapy. Gene therapy was a very effective

To determine inheritance patterns of autosomal recessive ebony and cinnabar traits, genetic crosses were performed. True breeding virgin female ebony flies were crossed with true breeding cinnabar mutant males in the Parental generation. The expected F₂ phenotypic ratio based on the Mendelian principle of independent assortment was 9 wild type: 3 ebony: 3 cinnabar: 1 cinnabar and ebony fly. The outcomes did not match the hypothesised phenotypic ration. The observed phenotypic ratio was 12.6 wild type: 3 ebony: 3.4 cinnabar: 1 cinnabar and ebony flies. Chi square was used and the critical value obtained was 11.53 (p<0.01). After finding the chi-square value it was determined the hypothesis was rejected.

The word science comes from the Latin word "to know" (Science Made Simple, 2014). In