Biological Warfare In Vietnam War

The Black Death was the second major plague outbreak in history, the first being the Justinian Plague in 541. The Black Death is believed to have been started in Central Asia. It was then spread to Europe with trade and attacks from Mongol armies. Most notable of these attacks was an attack on the major trade city of Caffa. Many believe that during the Siege of Caffa in 1346 Mongols catapulted infected bodies into the city, as an early form of biological warfare, but the exact method of the outbreaks entrance into Europe is unknown, as research on the Siege of Caffa has shown:

Plague started in the year of 1348 and it took about two years to spread all over Europe. Plague spread in many different ways. The plague spread by fleas on rodents and trade routes. Plague traveled east to west. Plague first began in (Europe) Italy which it states in document 1.

The disease spread throughout Europe with astonishing speed and fatal consequences. By January 1348, the plague was in Marseilles. It reached Paris in the spring,

The black death began in china, since china is one of the busiest world's trading nations, it took some time to spread to western Asia and Europe, and then to India, Persia, Syria, and Egypt. The Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347- 1348, by the sea from China trading ships that had black rats with fleas, the fleas carried a bacteria that caused the bubonic plague. The rats would get off the ships and enter the city. The fleas on the rats would then infect people, their food, and their dogs or cats. People, animals, or from people eating the food, the black plague spread very quickly. The plague was spread from person to person, sometimes by it being airborne or coming in contacted with other people that are infected. Although the way that this disease was spread maybe is true there have been new studies shown from one archaeologist, Dr.

These biological agents could be viruses, toxins, bacteria, etc. Agents could be used in war or terrorist attacks. Also, they could be modified to cause extreme diseases and disorders, according to The Center for Disease Control and Prevention. It makes bioterrorism even more tempting to use as it is easy and inexpensive to produce, disseminate and can cause a more widespread panic than other acts of terrorism (1).

The disease spread through eight districts in the Chinese and Mongol dynasties. The deaths were so severe that some areas didn’t even have time to bury all the bodies, so they just stacked them up against the city walls. Next, the plague spread to Europe, it arrived in Europe through trading ships. By the time the ships landed in Messina. Most of the crew members on the ships were either dead or infected. The abandon ships peaked a lot of interest and since the ships were infested with rodents, the locals that looted from the ships helped the disease spread even further. By 1348 the disease spread all the way to Genoa and Venice. Then the disease went from Italy and spread northwest France, Spain, Portugal, and England by June 1348. This is a rapid spread rate since six countries in less than a year. Although the disease was not yet done with Europe, it then spread east through Germany and Scandinavia through 1350. The last stop in Europe was Russia in 1351. The last stop for the Black Plague was the Middle East. The outbreak in the Middle East led to serious depopulation and economic structures just like the other countries. When the disease reached Mecca, the people of Mecca tried to blame it on non-believers. The plague continued to kill people all the way up to the Seventeenth century and there have even been isolated cases as recent as 1980 (Black Death).

As soon as it hit the metropolitan city, Messina, the plague scattered to France and Tunis. Then soon hit Rome and Florence as well. Midway the year 1348, it already hit London, Lyon, Bordeaux and Paris.

One threat that smallpox poses, is the use of it in biological warfare. According to Colette Flight, "in the 1990s the public discovered that Russia planned to turn smallpox into an effective weapon".

To start off, the first wave of the Black Death began in 1347; it reached England in September 1348. Historians believe the plague originated in Asia and spread to the Western Europe on trade routes. The first known records of the plague arose in Mongolia. Legends detail the Mongols spreading the pestilence during battle. When Mongolian soldiers first began falling ill, the leaders would “catapult the bodies of the infected into the depths of the enemy forces” (The Plague DVD). This legend is the first recorded instance of biological warfare. The plague progressed from Mongolia, to Caffa on the Crimean Peninsula, and finally to Sicily, Italy. The bubonic outbreak developed and

The first outbreak of the plague was traced back to China, in the early 1330's, when suddenly a great pestilence spread out from the Gobi desert and started to reach the cities of the Monoglian empire. At that time the Mongolian empire was at its peak and it had set up trading routes to the different nations of Europe, which meant the bubonic plague could be spread very easily by merchants transporting their wares to Europe. The first merchant ships to bring the plague to Europe arrived on October 1347 when twelve ships that had just ended the journey sailing from the Black sea docked in the harbour town of Messina in Sicily. When people welcomed

The first time the plague came out openly in the world it carried and killed across England in 1348-49. It first travelled across the South part in the Bubonic way, during the summer in 1348.Unfortunately, it turned into the pneumonic plague. Then it hit the very popular London in September 1348 and spread into East England towards the coasts in the new year.By the time of Spring in 1349 it had invaded Wales and by the summer it had jumped over the Irish sea and started to trouble the northern

Greece, Egypt, Persia, Rome, North Africa, Arabia, Asia and Europe all experienced the agony of the Black Death. Around the sixth century the plague went into hiding not showing its ugly face again until 1347 taking over more than one third of Europe's population within a four year period. The fourteenth century was already suffering heavily from natural disasters ranging from earthquakes to crop failures when the plague returned. At

We are all aware of the tragedy that took place in our nation from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War resulted in needless, devastating deaths of thousands of soldiers. What we might not be aware of, however, is the number one killer throughout those years. More soldiers died from this single calamity than battle wounds or blood loss. The catastrophe that tragically affected more soldiers than any other element of the war was disease.

Firstly, biological/chemical warfare was an enormous part of the Japanese and Chinese war. Various, deadly chemicals were used as torture to the Chinese. Chemicals used such as Flanders and anthrax, were used on the victims bodies to create a lifetime

Smallpox is a highly infectious and fatal disease caused by the Variola virus. It causes extremely painful pustules to sprout across the entire body. Spread from human to human, it has since been eradicated from the world through the efforts of the World Health Organization. However, there is a distinct possibility that it may be reintroduced through bioterrorism. Biological weapons may cause another pandemic to erupt across the world and kill millions of individuals. Through constant vigilance and careful planning, mankind can prevent this scenario.