Biology 1A Study Guide [SJSU] Essay

Please answer these questions then place them in the drop box for this lab. Use Microsoft word if possible.

* The five characteristics all organisms share is: information, replication, evolution, cells, and energy (cerie)

3a. Body more than five times as long as broad; front edge of dorsal fin far

3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically

Cellular respiration: C6H12O6  +  6O2 →  6CO2  +  6 H2O  +  36 or 38 ATP

1) The layer of the GI tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

Hydrolysis of starch for fungal amylase Aspergillus Oryzae and bacterial amylase Bacillus Licheniformis at different temperatures.

Cuttlefish excrete using a pair of nephridia tubular structures. The fluid is collected by the coelom, and salts and other nutrients are exchanged with the body tissues. This fluid is emptied into the mantle cavity, where it is pushed by water out of the cuttlefish.

Is the circulatory system of arthropods more similar to that of annelids or of mollusks? Why?

Cambrian explosion is one of the great evolutionary events of animals. Before this event (635 to 541 Mya), most animals called Ediacaran fauna were almost flat and soft bodies (ref). However, in early Cambrian (around 550 Mya), most of modern phyla of animals have evolved with skeletal tissues were remain as fossils (ref). This direct evidence suggested that the mechanisms of skeletogenesis have evolved in the near base of Bilateria in the earliest Cambrian period, and the Cambrian explosion might have been due, partly, to the acquisition of this novel body plan. The common ancestors of Ecdysozoa or Lophotrochozoa have evolved the external hard tissues, exoskeleton, and became diversified morphological and mineral structures in each phylum

There is no denying that the influence of mutation, natural selection, migration, drift, and outside forces have shaped the drastically diverse group of animals that are around in the present. Wherever there is diversity within populations, nature works on these variations, favoring organisms with the best adaptations, and if the evolution of humans has anything to say, those with the most complex structure. The separation of populations has led to even more diversity, creating new species by isolating groups from each other, and so forth. A brief summary of how they’ve evolved, animals came from a protist ancestor, who evolved over time into two groups, those with tissues, and those with no true tissues, parazoa (sponges). Animals with tissue can be divided further between those who evolved with radial symmetry and are less active (radiata) compared to those who evolved with bilateral symmetry, who are more physically active (bilateria). The bilateria can be divided between animals with body cavities and those that lack them (acoelomates) and those whose body cavities aren’t completely lined (psuedo- coelomates). Some of the bilateria have segmented body parts, and all of them are either protostomes (whose first opening is the mouth) or deuterostomes (whose first opening is the anus). As animals evolve, they arguably become more complex and have a tendency toward bilateral symmetry, active searching for food, and cephalization, where the bulk of their nervous tissue is centered at the front or head, and an overall evolution toward intelligence. To explain animal evolution completely would be a difficult task, but understanding general patterns and how life got from single celled prokaryotes to multicellular, complex organisms is a good way to begin the

The reduction in the mobility of the spines can also be used to wedge themselves tightly into rock crevices. Sea star, sea cucumbers and brittle stars also have the ability to increase and decrease their flexibility by increasing or decreasing the tension in their ligaments, if removed from water the body of the sea cucumber will go completely soft and begin to disintegrate ultimately resulting in its death (Ruppert et al,

Another advancement in sophisticated animals is the development of a head. This is an obvious gain on the animal's part but is often taken for granted. Heads allow for extremely complex structures such

In the Animalia kingdom, many different phylum emerged over a long period of time due to evolution. Each phylum exhibit different characteristics which the multicellular animals have developed to adapt to the environment for survival. Examples are such as developing the ability to move from water to land and from land to water, apart from being sessile. There are also developmental structures of the animals to allow them to adapt for survival, like having exoskeletons or internal skeletal structures for support, skin for protection, muscles for locomotion, nervous system for senses and digestive systems for digesting complex food (Farabee, 2007). It is said that organisms without cephalisation are able to survive in oceans filled with planktons. Organisms without cephalisation from the ocean are mainly from phylum Porifera (a.k.a. sponges) and phylum Cnidaria.

• Semi-intensive systems: usually occurs in modified/constructed ponds, cages or tanks under ambient conditions with moderate stocking densities requiring management of water exchange, water quality and feeding regimes.