Biology Case Study

Drosophila melanogaster is a small, common fly found near unripe and rotted fruit. It has been in use for over a century to study genetics. Thomas Hunt Morgan was the best biologist studying Drosophila early in the 1900’s. Morgan was the first to discover sex-linkage and genetic recombination, which placed the small fly in the forefront of genetic research. Scientists have used Drosophila for many reasons. For one they are very easy to maintain, breed, anesthetize, and kill with little equipment. They are also very small and it is easy to distinguish males vs females and sexually mature flies and virgins. At lastly, the flies have a very short two week life span. On days 2-7 of their life

In our experiment, we created three crosses; DxG,BxD, and BxG. In crosses BxG and BxD we found a rare mutant fly. This unusual mutant had a misshapen abdomen, deformed wings, and was pale in color. While the mutant was rare, due to the fact that it popped up in both those populations, we hypothesized that this genetic mutant had already previously been discovered and named.

Describe the sex and phenotype of the mutant fly. Describe the phenotype as it compares to the wild type.

The unknown D. melanogaster mutant feature different phenotypic characteristics in wings compared to those in wild-type flies. The wild-type flies have balloon-like structure wings with oval-shaped edge and continuous bristle hair row surrounding the wing margin. Meanwhile the mutant wings exhibit incisions in different size and shapes along the wing margins with discontinuous bristle hair row. The mutant wings are also slightly smaller than the wild-type ones. These features

This lab had 2 exercises. Exercise 9.1 involved observing pictures of 60 F2 offspring and recording the phenotypes for 6 different traits. Exercise 9.2 required us to perform the “chi-square test” to determine whether the data we collected matches the standard Mendelian ratio.

The scarlet pigment is made when the enzyme kynurenine hydroxylase that produces a brown pigment is blocked and the brown color isn’t prominent causing the eye to appear as a scarlet color. In the sepia eyed fly it was found that the pigments isosepiapterin and isoxanthopterin were the same as in the wild type; the pigments biopterin, 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine, sepiapterin, xanthopterin, and xanthommatin were much more than in the wild type; and the pigment drosopterins was much less than in the wild type. The sepia pigment is made when the enzyme PDA synthase that produces a red-orange pigment is blocked so more can go towards the other pigments causing the eye to appear as a sepia pigment. This data supports the original hypothesis that there would be a difference in the pigments present based on which enzymes are changed. The white eyed fly, the brown eyed fly, the rosy eyed fly, the scarlet eyed fly, and the sepia eyed fly all differed from the wild type fly in some way due to the fact of certain enzymes being blocked or changed

a. This statement is false because although an organism may be the fittest that just means that it is good at passing its genes (making lots of offspring). It does not mean that the organism is the strongest.

The results of the 7-week experiment failed to reject the hypothesis that the fruit fly population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. In Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium, we expect 25% of the flies to be ebony and 75% to be wildtype. Wildtype flies in appearance covered both homozygous dominant flies and heterozygous flies because the dominant allele overtakes the recessive allele. Ebony flies had to be homozygous recessive for the ebony allele. Our results were close to the expected in that we had more wildtype flies than ebony flies.

Deer flies (Chrysops discalis) are one of the rare types of flies that transmit the disease known as “Rabbit Fever”. It is a bacterial disease that can be acquired from contact with objects or infected animals from bites of ticks. These flies are medium sized approximately one-fourth inch long and are mostly seen in spring. They are typically yellow-brown to black with dark bands on their wings. Some of them have iridescent green eyes.

I am sorry to hear about Cousin Jimmy’s spinal cord injury (SCI), and I understand you are searching for a cure using stem cell therapy, so I’ll try and provide you with as much information as I know. Currently in Australia and around the world, there are no proven cures for SCI using stem cells, this is according to the Australia and New Zealand Spinal Cord Injury Network (Stem Cell Interventions for Spinal Cord Injury, 2009) and icord.org (Steeves et al., 2012), both leading organisations in SCI treatment. There are however, clinical trials and research going on around the world that use stem cells to treat different aspects of SCI. A list of some of these studies is available on the icord.org information

The shape of the African honey bee is oval and look a lot like a regular bee except smaller.The average length is 19 mm. Its upper body has fuzz on it and the stomach has black on it.The African honey bee has two eyes the compound eye and simple eye.Its thorax is at the very center of its body, It has pollen combs that scoop up pollen out of flowers or wherever they find it.

In flight, the African species has shorter, blunter wings with a less prominent white leading edge, and deeper wingbeats than its relative. Other sympatric crakes are smaller with white markings on the upperparts, different underparts patterns and a shorter bill. The African rail has dark brown upperparts, a long red bill and red legs and

In most kitchens the small flies that are found are Drosophila Melanogaster also called fruit fly. They are often brought in by ripened tomatoes, grapes and other perishable items from the garden. Drosophila melanogaster is a little two winged insect about 3mm long two winged insect that belongs to the Diptera, the order of the flies. The drosophila egg is about half a millimeter long. Fertilization takes about one day the embryo to develop and hatch into a worm-like larva. The larva eats and grows continuously, after two days as a third in star larva; it moults one more time to form an immobile pupa. Over the next four days, the body is completely remodeled to give the adult winged form, which then hatches from the pupal

An example of the honeybee’s adaptation is its colouring. The honey bee’s characteristic yellow and black striping is actually an adaptation. The yellow/black colouring helps

Hawthorn maggot flies and apple maggot flies are not distinct as a species. The two races differ genetically and are physically indistinguishable. There is no geographical isolation or physical separation between adult maggot flies as a whole. Hawthorn and apple flies are assigned to the same taxonomic species. Apple maggot flies desire to mate and lay their eggs in apples,