Biology Comparison Questions And Answers

According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species.

You can identify a eukaryotic cell by its encased nucleus, containing the majority of its DNA and organelles surrounded by a membrane. Plant and Animal cells have double membranes and a housed nucleus therefore they are eukaryotic cells; organisms which do not contain a double membrane and an encased nucleus are known as prokaryotes, e.g. bacteria. The eukaryotic cell is made up of many membrane bound organelles which all have a specific function.

To start off with, eukaryotic and prokaryotic are types of cells. Though that is an obvious similarity, they are both the smallest structure that carry out functions in organisms. In each of these

Fitness is determined by the ability of an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce in a particular habitat. You

Prelab Questions Analyze prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 1.Similarities : They both have DNA as their hereditary material. They are both layer bound. They both have ribosomes. They have comparative fundamental digestion system.

Directional Selection occurs when an extreme phenotype at one end of a population distribution is favored over all other

Selection is the functional relationship between phenotypes and fitness. Natural selection is the production of organisms according to their physical attributes whereby off springs of the younger generations takes the strong, desired and inheritable aspects of their parents. They become more adapted to the environment although some does well than others according to their individual traits which are attributed to their phenotypes (Sinervo, 1997). According to Charles Darwin, fitness can be described in three different forms of selection which interferes with the mean of phenotypic traits in a population. They include: directional selection; stabilizing selection; and destructive selection.

Natural Selection- Natural selection is the way organisms adapt over time so that they have the best chance of survival in their environment. Natural selections selects against unfavorable traits, so that the ones that will be of the most evolutionary help will be more common. There are three different way that natural selection occurs; directional selection, stabilizing selection, and disruptive selection. Directional selection is "a favored trait is at the extreme expression of traits," (Kobari). Stabilizing selection is the "selection against extreme expression of traits" (Kobari). Disruptive selection is when

However the selection can favor traits to help organisms. The possibility of finding a mate with traits. A sexual selection can become male adaptive. Mating with a female such as individuals by choice of ensuring the decendent will have set optimal genotype for survival.

Eukaryotes consist of cells that the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes is contained within a distinct nucleus. Additionally, besides the eubacteria and archaea, Eukaryotes include all living organisms, which are not the case with prokaryotes that are microscopic single-celled organisms. Prokaryotes do not have a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria. So a fundamental difference here is that prokaryotes cells do not have organelles, nucleus, but a small amount of DNA in the form of a single, circular chromosome while eukaryotes cells have multiple organelles, a nucleus, as well as sufficient DNA that is organized in multiple, linear chromosomes (Bruck, 2017; OpenStax College, & Rice University, 2013). Another apparent difference in DNA replication between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that while DNA replication process in eukaryotes takes place inside the nucleus, the DNA replication process in prokaryotes occurs inside the cytoplasm.

Selection is defined as “the preferential survival and reproduction or preferential elimination of individuals with certain genotypes (genetic compositions), by means of natural or artificial controlling factors.”

All species of fungi, plants and animals are formed from eukaryotic cells. The Eukaryote have a true nucleus; their DNA is confined to a definite area within the cell enclosed by a Nuclear envelope. Prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotic cells and their cells do not have a true nucleus. Prokaryote DNA is not enclosed by a membrane.

Evolution depends on both inheritance and selection (Arnold, 1994). Heritable traits having some advantage to an organism must be passed on from one generation to the next. As a result, the organisms that have inherited these traits will be better suited for survival in a specific environment. In other words, the ability for an individual to survive is not enough to fuel evolutionary progression- there must be reproduction taking place as well (Figure 1).

evolution of the species, what adaptive property it provides that would cause it to be selected

Genomic structures of both the organizations are similar to certain extent. Bauman (2004) suggested that Prokaryotes keep the main portion of their DNA with other closely-associating molecules such as Proteins and RNA as a chromosome or two, whilst a eukaryotic cell contains more than one chromosome in their genomes. Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from its typical prokaryotic counterparts by having linear DNA rather than circular DNA (Russell.P 1996).And also eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and globular proteins called ‘Histones’. The eukaryotic genome structure could be illustrated in the following way; DNA is filled into