Biology Digestion Ia

In this lab or experiment, the aim was to determine the following factors of enzymes: (1) the effects of enzymes concentration the catalytic rate or the rate of the reaction, (2) the effects of pH on a particular enzyme, an enzyme known and referred throughout this experiment as ALP (alkaline phosphate enzyme) and lastly (3) the effects of various temperatures on the reaction or catalytic rate. Throughout the experiment 8 separate cuvettes and tubes are mixed with various solutions (labeled as tables 1,3 & 4 in the apparatus/materials sections of the lab) and tested for the effects of the factors mentioned above (concentration, pH and temperature). The tubes labeled 1-4 are tested for pH with pH paper and by spectrophotometer, cuvettes 1a-4a was tested for concentration and cuvettes labeled 1b-4b was tested for temperature in four different atmospheric conditions (4ºC, 23ºC, 32ºC and 60ºC) to see how the enzyme solution was affected by the various conditions. After carrying out the procedures the results showed that the experiment followed the theory for the most part, which is that all the factors work best at its optimum level. So, the optimum pH that the enzymes reacted at was a pH of 7 (neutral), the optimum temperature that the reactions occurs with the enzymes is a temperature of 4ºC or

Digestion is a multistep process that begins the moment you put a piece of food in your mouth or sip or drink.The mouth is the beginning of the digestive track,and in fact digestion starts here.When taking the first bite of food ,chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested,while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.

This is a process called autolysis, which is used to regulate the trypsin levels in living organisms. (Worthington). This experiment was conducted to discover how changing the enzyme concentration of trypsin affects the reaction rate when digesting the milk proteins. Changing the enzyme concentration causes will increase, or decrease, the rate of reaction as more or, less, enzymes will be colliding with the substrate molecules. However this will only increase up to a certain point where the enzyme concentration is not the limiting factor. Studying the effect of increased enzyme concentration can only be done when the substrate is present in excess amounts. Any change in the amount of product formed over a specified period of time will be dependent upon the level of enzyme present.

Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins. Theodor Schwann, German physiologist first recognized pepsin in the year 1836. Pepsinogen is a protein that is formed and held in glands of the stomachs lining. When pepsin is secreted into the stomach it mixes itself with hydrochloric acid and creates pepsin. The intestine depletes the pepsin’s acidity, so it will not travel through the lining of other organs. Proteins are partially broken in the digestive tract into peptides so they can enter into the bloodstream. Proteins which are not absorbed into the bloodstream are broken down further by pancreatic enzymes. Only limited amounts of pepsin access the bloodstream to further break down proteins. Laryngeal mucosa damage is caused

How the process of human digestion works is it starts with your mouth, the digestion starts as soon you take your first bite of your meal. When you chew it helps the process by making it easier for the food to digest. Also the saliva mixes with the food so that it can form it into something that the body can absorb and use. The next place the food goes is the pharynx (throat), then the esophagus or swallowing tube. The esophagus gets the food from the throat to the stomach. After the stomach is the small intestine it continues the breaking down process of the food by using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. There are 3 other organs that help the small intestine break down the food we eat. They are pancreas, liver, and

The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy. The food digested is also tied into basic nutrients to feed the body. The digestive system is something called the tube within a tube. This is because it is a hollow structure with two openings that run the height of your body. The digestive tract consists of two parts the gastrointestinal tract known as GI tract and a set of accessory organs. GI tract starting at the oral cavity, through abdominal cavity and end at the anus. Major accessory organs include pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. There are 5 basic processes the digestive system have. The processes include and ingestion, mixing digestion, absorption, and defecation. Ingestion is the first step which is when the food and liquids are taken in the mouth and eaten. Mixing is when the smooth muscles in the walls of the GI tract mixes the food and send it through the tract. Next is digestion where the food is broken down by mechanical and chemical processes. Absorption is the epithelial

The pharynx acts as a passageway for food, fluids, and air. The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food to the stomach. The stomach is a temporary “storage tank” where chemical breakdown of proteins begins by using pepsin and HCl. Absorption is also taken place in the stomach because the stomach can absorb a few fat-soluble substances such as aspirin, alcohol and some drugs. The small intestine is the body’s major digestive organ and within its passageways, digestion is completed and virtually all absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (also vitamins, electrolytes, and water are absorbed). The large intestine digests remaining food residues by using enteric bacteria. The large intestine also absorbs most of the remaining water electrolytes (mostly NaCl) and vitamins produced by bacteria, propels feces toward rectum by haustral churning and mass movements and defecates. The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract (ingestion) as food is voluntarily placed into oral cavity. Salivary amylase in saliva produced by salivary glands begins chemical breakdown of starch. Lipase begins chemical breakdown of lipids. The bolus then goes to the pharynx which is also known as the throat where deglutition(swallowing) occurs. During deglutition in the pharynx there is a flexible flap of elastic cartilage that’s function is to keep food out of

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into a form your body can use. The digestion process begins in the mouth. Chewing mechanically breaks down food into small pieces while saliva mixes with the food to create a soft, moist mass of food for swallowing called a bolus. Saliva contains enzymes that chemically breaks down carbohydrates. When the bolus is swallowed, it enters the esophagus. Peristalsis, synchronized waves of muscle movement throughout the digestive system, moves the bolus toward the stomach. When the bolus nears the end of the esophagus, pressure from the food signals the muscle at the end of the esophagus to open and the bolus enters the stomach. In the stomach, the bolus is churned by the powerful muscles of

When food is put in the mouth, the teeth grind it up into a paste and the amylase in the saliva begins to break down the carbohydrates. Swallowing takes the food into the oesophagus and by peristalsis moves it into the stomach. In the stomach, strong hydrochloric acid breaks down complex proteins over a period of a few hours. The resulting mixture then moves into the small intestine, the start of which is called the duodenum. Here, bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas mix into the food. As the mixture moves down the small intestine, the enzymes

I am a chocolate chip cookie filled with sugar molecules. Today, today is the day that I am out into the human body to explore. This is super exciting!! As this nice young lady who is going to let me explore her body takes the first bite, I start to feel nervous and excited throughout. The first bite is taken and I prepare myself for the mechanical digestion as her teeth claw into me. While the pains of her teeth are running through my mind, a liquid called saliva starts to break me apart into little molecules. So, this is what the chemical digestion feels like? She has swallowed me and now I am degenerating down into the epiglottis and pharynx, straight into the esophagus I go.

Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the

Once food leaves the mouth, it travels down the oesophagus and into the second cavity the stomach. Here digestives enzymes are released such as hydrochloric acid and gastric

Most of us think that the process that takes place in our stomach after we eat a meal it’s very easy and simple when the truth is that it’s a very complex process. The process of digestion starts even with the simple thought of food, after that the body starts preparing the stomach for the food that is about to be eaten. The food goes then through our mouth into our stomach, where is digested and dumped into the intestines to be thrown away. In order for our stomach to digest the food completely, it has to go through three different stages and that’s where the process of digestion occurs. The first stage it’s called cephalic phase, in this stage or phase, the brain perceives any sight, smell or taste of food, sending impulses to the brainstem

Over the course of time there have been many difficult questions and theories about everyday life. Using physiology & chemistry, those questions have been able to be answered. From the mixture of gases in the air we breathe to the organic substance of plastic or paper, chemistry can be seen everywhere. However, most people mistook the power of chemistry in our own bodies. How is it that a simple slice of bread, once consumed, can turn into fuel for the human body? Using the digestive system and its many organs through the process of digestion and metabolism is how our bodies receive the energy it needs to continue on throughout the day and the rest of our lives. Chemistry then kicks in as food starts

Proteases occur naturally in all living organisms and play important role in their functioning. They have been isolated and studied from various sources.