Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation
Plant Cell
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Animal Cell
Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation
Cell Components –
1. The Nucleus – Cell Prime Minister and Info Storage a. Large, dense, spherical organelle b. Enclosed by double membrane (nuclear membrane) c. Has nucleoplasm, dark sphere (nucleolus) d. Chromatin (uncondensed chromosome) in nucleoplasm e. Chromosomes carry genetic information that determine cell characteristic + function f. Controls all cell activities 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Highway + Ribosomes – Factory Workers
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reproduces by binary fission, but produces spores when cannot do binary fission
• • •
© Amir Fuhaira 2008‐20XX. Nak guna boleh, nak copy minta izin. Kalau tak boleh blah.
Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation
Multicellular
• • • • Cells grow, change shape and differentiate in multicellular organisms. Mature cells carry out different functions, like different medical specialists are experts in their field, like a cardiologist in the heart, the neurologist in the brain, etc. They undergo specialization to carry out their functions more efficiently. Organisation is in this form:
• • • • Cells that carry out a function are grouped into tissues. Different tissues that carry out a function are grouped into an organ. Several organs that contribute to one section of an
2. Define multicellular organism - are those organisms containing more than one cell, and having differentiated cells that perform various functions.
P1: Outline the function of the main cells of the body. Cells are the main structure of the body as they all come together to form one cell. They are very important because without them, we wouldn’t be able to live. The cells carry out numerous of chemical reaction that we wouldn’t have heard of or even felt and it is simply done it on its own. Cells make up all the organs in the body.
8. SUBJECT: This book is a combination of Krulak’s personal experience and opinion about the
There are many parts of a cell, they all have specific duties, and are all
According to Mattias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann the cell is the basic unit of life(Cell Theory- OI). Two common types of cells are the plant and animal cells. Although both kinds of cells share many similar, abundant structures, they also have varying descrepancies from cell to cell. Without a doubt, the nucleus is the most important organelle in the plant cell, even though, the lysosome is the most important structure in the animal cell.
▪ Know the functions of the various organelles, e.g., glyoxysomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, Golgi, etc.
* The soma, or cell body, contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells.
The human body is made up of 100 trillion cells. All cells have the same basic structure (see figure 1) however some cells are specialised to suit a specific purpose. An example of this is the pancreatic beta cells found in the islets of Langerhans. These cells are specialised to synthesise the protein insulin that is involved in the metabolism of glucose in the cells. (Layden, 2010)
A cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It is like a gate in a city because it regulates who comes in and goes out of the city. A nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is like a police department because the police control how everyone and everything acts. A ribosome synthesizes proteins for the cell. A ribosome is like a factory that produces stuff for construction workers. The ER synthesizes lipid membranes and proteins and transports stuff. It is like a manufacturing plant because it makes stuff just like the ER.
The cells are the basic units of life. Cells contain DNA that make up genes. Genes are
P1 – Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. A typical animal cell is seen as a tiny, three dimensional sac which is in fact made up of many components, each as important as the other. The microstructure of an animal cell was in fact uncovered mainly through the use of both cell fractionation and electron microscopy. Each main component has its own, individual function which helps a cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The components that I will be describing include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) and ribosomes.
In order for cells and organisms to “live” they need to perform certain tasks such as produce energy through respiration, send messages, maintenance and reproduction. To enable the cell to do so, it contains within small structures called organelles, each organelle is different and carries out a specific function.
The incident in the stadium also reveals to Parvana and Shauzia the complete horror of living under such a regime and haunts Parvana for the next few days. As a Muslim, the writer believes that the actions of the Taliban like the one’s depicted in this novel disgrace Muslims in the present times. Islam is a peaceful religion that promotes morality and generosity among all people, not the twisted version portrayed by the Taliban.
Inc. was able to create Yahoo! Japan. Subsequently Yahoo! Inc. has teamed with SOFTBANK to create markets in Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Korea (Joint Ventures). Yahoo! Inc. and SOFTBANK have also created GeoCities Japan Corporation to create and manage a Japanese version of the GeoCities website (Joint Ventures).
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