Biology lab Essay

Please answer these questions then place them in the drop box for this lab. Use Microsoft word if possible.

Genetic diversity allows the population to adapt to changing environments and it contributes and adds to the gene pool.

Over five trials the average allele frequency with this change in the migration rate is 0.366.

3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically

1. Describe the function of the following pieces of safety equipment and how each might be used: (10 points)

Cellular respiration: C6H12O6  +  6O2 →  6CO2  +  6 H2O  +  36 or 38 ATP

groups. It was conducted to further the research in choice overload and paralysis of the mind.

Genetic diversity provides a species with its form and function. A species genotype refers to their genetic code; what their cells are going to be used for – hair cell, eye cell, muscle cell, etc. A species phonotype refers to the way in which that species gene will be expressed – blonde hair, blue eyes, large muscle tone; which significantly impacts the success of that individuals genes. Without genetic diversity among populations the gene pools would be very limited, which gives way to a rise in mutations and inevitably the end of a species. “Genes regulate body size, shape,

Hydrolysis of starch for fungal amylase Aspergillus Oryzae and bacterial amylase Bacillus Licheniformis at different temperatures.

The purpose of the “chi-square test” was to see if our data was in an acceptable range of a specific ratio listed above. The chi-square test took into account the expected deviations in the F2 offspring’s alleles.

Population adaptation can occur as a result of local environmental pressures. Please explain what typically occurs to allele frequencies for these adaptive genes during this

Heterozygosity is the measure of the genetic variation in a population at a particular gene locus. Genetic variation within a population is important in maintaining or increasing the fitness of members in the population and ultimately the survival of the species.

(4) When a population changes (either increases or decreases) for seemingly no reason, genetic drift is most often to blame. (1) Frequencies of alleles available in the gene pool for that population are subject to change when evolution takes place, and one or more alleles can sometimes vanish. Populations with fewer organisms often experience more substantial genetic drift, due to the fact that if there is less of an allele in a gene pool during a generation, there is a higher risk that a large amount of that allele will be removed just due to random chance – genetic drift. (4) It is important to note that the final population during the “frequent disasters” trial became 243 from an original 4000 when one of the alleles (“a”) was lost. This is considered a “population bottleneck” (4) where the population decreased by a significant amount. In a situation like this, there are fewer alleles available in the gene pool of that population for that generation, so there is a bigger chance that genetic drift will accidently cause the loss of a substantial portion of one of the alleles, driving it to discontinuation.

Comparing the data with the original one, after natural selection and genetic drift, the population of beans decreased in each condition. Also, the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies changed. In each samples, the frequencies of P increases and the frequencies of Q decreased. During this experiment, we supposed yellow beans dead after genetic drift and natural selection, that is said that the green beans best adapted to the environment, so they have more chance to survive than the yellow beans.

To begin, each participant selected two alleles randomly out of 5 bins. The purpose of the alleles selected was to represent a set of maternal and fraternal alleles found in a black-footed ferret. The allelic frequencies were taken of the entire group. The groups total allele frequency was made to represent the wild population of black-footed ferrets. Each participant was then given a test tube containing a clear solution, which represented “ferret fluid”. Most of the test tubes contained HCl, while 4 contained NaOH and were considered “contaminated”. To mimic breeding, participants mingled around the lab until they were told to stop. At this point, the participants closest to one another exchanged one pipet volume of solution into each other’s test tubes. This act of transferring solution from one test tube to another was repeated another 4 times. After the 5th transfer cycle, a drop of phenol red was added to the test tubes of all participants. If the test tube turned a hue of red, the participant was considered dead, and their alleles were left behind. If the test tube turned a hue of yellow, the participant had survived. The alleles of the survivors were recorded. In total, 12 participants were considered “survivors” and the population of 12 represented the “founding