Bioluminescence Is a very spectacular biological phenomena that occurs a lot more frequently then

The purpose of this experiment was to observe the light that the Tomopteris emits. They collected Tomopteris from Monterey Bay off the coast of California. They then stimulated the Tomopteris to produce light so that they could observe the light that it produced. The researchers took photos and measured the amount of light that was emitted per Tomopteris. One interesting discovery was a Tomopteris that emits a blue light which is rare since most Tomopteris emit a yellow-orange light. The researchers tried to create explanations as to why this Tomopteris emits blue light. They think that “different protein complements may be responsible for the light in different species”. However, this isn’t their only explanation for this rare blue emitting Tomopteris. The other explanation is that “this could potentially reflect different ecological roles of the two light colors”. Researchers concluded that with further testing the blue-light emitting Tomopteris may be considered a species of their own.

The experiment focused on the fact that certain organisms are affected by light and will move depending on whether or not light is present. There were four organisms that were placed in a tray that was half lit and half dark. Euglena is a photosynthetic organism that uses light as a vital part of its existence. Euglena showed a significant preference for the light side over the dark side (X2 = 529, p<0.01) (Table 5). Phototaxis is an organism’s movement as a result of light (Urry et al. 2014). If an organism is attracted to light it is an example of positive phototaxis

Daphnia is an order of cladoceran that are a part of the genus of small crustaceans ranging from one to five millimeters in length (Campbell, 2004; Corroto 2010). Daphnia are also naturally transparent, allowing for a variety of research opportunities that are observable with current day technology. Water fleas are another name for Daphnia due to their distinct, jerky swimming patterns (Chin, 2011; Campbell, 2004). Additionally, Daphnia seem to have tufts of hair, relatively large eyes, and red “lips”. Daphnia also feature an ocellus, a light-sensing organ under the compound eye (Chin, 2011; Corotto, 2010).

Recent research has suggested the P. marinus may be a key contributor to evolution. Since the organism is incredibly abundant, it also produces an abundant amount of oxygen. Therefore, scientists propose that it has produced much of the oxygen we currently breathe, incited the explosion of early life within our oceans, and fueled the atmosphere’s ancient rise of oxygen. Researchers have also observed that there are differing ecotypes of P. marinus. Each ecotype has a unique hue (bright green, yellow, etc..) that corresponds to its depth. This makes the microbe extremely efficient while photosynthesizing. Additionally, this microbe has the power to regulate CO₂ levels that contribute to global warming, due to its part in the carbon cycle. P. marinus is also a key factor in the ocean’s food webs. It tends to thrive in nutrient-poor regions, making it a valuable food source in the ocean’s web. P. marinus also secretes a variety of peptides that in turn cause other oceanic microbes to secrete an enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for detoxifying reactive oxygen

During the day, the squid bury itself in sand or muddy area near sea grass beds. Besides that, it forms camouflage by gluing sand grain to its body. Night, they emerge to feed. A type of bioluminescence sea creature. It will emit light from their ventral surface. The light emitted is adjusted to match the intensity of moonlight. Collaboration of Hawaiian bobtail squid's eyes and extraocular vesicle use to monitor the down-welling light via silhouette reduction. This behaviour called as counter-illumination. Thus, the squid can adjust the intensity of bioluminescence as it moves to various depth by modifying the ink sac, which function as a diaphragm around the

The photos show that zooplanktons, rotifer, cladoceranr and copepod, could take in three types of MPs (0.1,1,9.9 µm) overtly. But all organisms no MPs in vivo under 101 µm diameter exposure surroundings were observed by fluorescence microscope, so there were not pictures printed here. Many freshwater and marine species such as annelids, crustaceans, ostracods and gastropods were reported that could uptake MPs(Imhof et al., 2013b; Setala et al., 2014). In the present study, the uptake of microspheres after 24h exposure in three kinds of zooplankton, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods, were captured by the fluorescence microscope. The observations displayed that rotifer gained MPs though test environment with remnant digestive production remaining in mastax, cloaca, (Fig.1 A, D, G), while cladocerans absorbed MPs by filter feeding so that MPs were discovered explicitly in their filter-feeding and intestinal tract (Fig.1 B, E, H), copepod also can procure three kinds of diameter MPs in a high concentration polystyrene microspheres condition, then persisted in digestive tract (Fig.1 C, F, I). Fig.1 suggests samples from wild fresh water had the capability of gaining fluorescence particles under the surroundings with MPs. They can uptake three types of microspheres apparently, 0.1,1,9.9 µm, out of 101 µm diameter. Early researches focused on selection at plastic sizes

In order to make the proper patterns from the visual signal, the octopi create chromatic patterns through the use of chromatophores in the skin. A chromoatophore is a pigment cell surrounded by muscle fibers found below the skin. The pigments in cephalopod chromatophores commonly include yellow, red, and brown. The chromatophore lobes in the octopus brain control the muscle fibers. Through electrical coupling between the muscle fibers and phasic and tonic contractions, the chromatophores are able to adjust the pigment in the skin (Boyle and Dubas, 1985). In addition to chromatophores are iridophores and leucophores. Iridophores reflect short wavelength colors in contrast to the long wavelength colors of the chromatophores. Due to iridophores, octopi are able to perceive white polarized light giving them an advantage against their predators. On the other hand, leucophores diffuse ambient light and allow for dark pigmentation. In addition to the pigmentation, octopi are able to change the texture of their skin through the use of papillae in the skin. Through the ability to change the skin pigmentation by the constriction of chromatophores and activation of both iridophores and leucophores, octopi are equipped to change their pigmentation to match their visual field. When posed with an environment with distinct structure and

Does changing the amount of exposure to light a sample of Pyrocystis lunula receives affect it’s bioluminescence?

This is the Sea of Stars on Vaadhoo Island in the Maldives. This sea glows, during night time. This is caused by the phytoplankton of marine microbes. It’s beautiful blue color illuminates the night sky creating a breathtakingly alluring view, making it impossible to not fall in love with. To see this sea is a top priority of many travelers

Red ties are marine phenomenon in which water is stained a red, brown, or yellowish color because of the temporary abundance of a particular species of pigmented dinoflagellates (these events are known as "blooms"). They also photosynthesize and it is their photosynthetic pigments that can tint the water during blooms. Dinoflagellate are common and widespread. Under appropriate environmental conditions, various species can grow very rapidly, causing red tides. Red tides occur in all marine regions with a temperate or warmer climate. The green film Dino Flatulence is often masked by red pigments that help trap light energy. Under certain conditions water is warm and rich of nutrients a dyno flagella population explosion occurs. These microorganisms

Dr. Widder said, “He did a lot of the theoretical mathematics to show what was needed to be transparent.” The see-through animals that Dr. Johnsen brought up from the ocean, showed that 20 to 90 percent of the light passed through the animals undisturbed. “You could read a book through these animals,” he said. The article explains many different types of transparent creatures of the ocean and how this knowledge could have practical applications. The article also explains mirrored fish and counterillumination. Steven Haddock, a scientist at the Monterey bay Aquarium Research Institute in Moss Landing, California, studied counterillumination in a laboratory. In his laboratory experiment he laid beneath a transparent tank in a dimly lit laboratory with a midshipman fish swimming in the tank. “I couldn’t see the fish against the background when it turned on its special belly lights,” he said. Dr. Haddock explains that the creatures employing counterillumination are very careful to make sure all the light they produce goes downward. “They don’t want light leaking out to the side and making them vulnerable, so they have lenses, mirrors and filters on their photophores,” Dr. Haddock said. The article explains that some creatures of the ocean use these techniques to hide from predators and some use these techniques to lure

This experiment was designed to determine the relationship between the color of light absorbed by the Lemna and the rate of reproduction. The rate of reproduction was determined by the change in the number of Lemna fronds in the beaker over time. The higher the rate of reproduction, the more effective the color of light used is on increasing the rate of reproduction. {Table 11}- Relationship between the number of Lemna fronds present in the beaker under the white light and the days passed Color of Light Average rate of reproduction of Lemna (Lemna fronds /day) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Overall Average Overall Standard Deviation

My hypothesis is, with the combination of Escherichia-coli(E-Coli), plasmid, arabinose, and a UV lamp, the E- Coli will grow and glow in the dark.

Bioluminescence is a topic most people do not know about. When asked what bioluminescence is, that person probably could not answer the question. It is actually the chemical process that certain organisms are able to use in order to synthesize and emit light, but most people just identify these organisms as glowing animals, glowing plants, and glowing organisms. Most people have seen these glowing animals in action under the sea, considering that most organisms that use bioluminescence live in the depths of the sea. Today, it seems normal and typical for an animal in the deep sea to glow, but thousands of years ago, it was all but a mystery. The idea that natural light could be emitted from a living organism fascinated those throughout the field of science. When it was first discovered, bioluminescence impacted the way people thought and it caused them to start to create things that were unimaginable. The exploration and encounter with bioluminescence impacted the way chemical reactions are studied, changed the way people interact with the natural world, and it guided scientists to new and improved innovations.

The genus Ceratium is part of the clade Alveolates, which is considered to be a monophyletic group consisting of single-celled eukaryotes. Dinoflagellates, a phylum (subclade) under Ceratium, are composed of protists. Dinoflagellates can be either photosynthetic (an organism that uses sunlight for energy) or heterotrophic (an organism that consumes organic material for energy), although most are mainly photosynthetic. Ceratium is responsible for the red tide phenomenon in which the protists produce toxins that are released into the water and appear as a “red tide”. During nighttime, some species are capable of producing bioluminescence. Bioluminescence is light that Ceratium generate and can be seen only when the sun goes down. Another characteristic