Biomechanical Principles Squash

1 . Describe the Major bones, muscles,joints and joint actions used to perform this movement skill and how they influence the way the body moves.

In order for maximum force to be generated, a tennis player needs a good stable base from where they can begin the movement. The tennis serve begins with flexion of the knee joint caused by the hamstrings. Then comes extension of the knees as well as hip flexion to start the movement - both of these movements are initiated by the quadriceps. The Erector Spinae muscle causes trunk extension to allow the abdominals to fully flex the trunk and generate the force that is then transferred to the upper body. The deltoids and pectorals major are used to flex the shoulder. These muscles are used to accelerate the whole arm while also stabilising the shoulder. Once the arm has begun to accelerate towards the ball, the tricep brachii is then used to

Relate topic to audience: As we get older, we get less active and many people cannot play physical sports or don’t have that stamina that we have at our age to run around and do whatever. Learning a proper golf swing is the stepping stool in the golf world and the beginning of getting into a game that can teach you patience, manners, and relieve your stress.

The upper extremities are linked to the shaft by means of the shoulder girdle. These parts of the body includes; the shoulder girdle together with the shoulder blade and collar bone, the upper arm together with the humerus, the lower arm with the radius, the hand with carpus and lastly the metacarpus and fingers. During the implication of the different types of the serve, the extremities are used in different ways in that, they are involved in different movement and different types of the muscles in them are also required participating in the

In the tennis serve Newton’s third law of motion is applied as the player performs a leg drive to the court to generate an equal and opposite reaction (Ackland, Elliott & Bloomfield, 2009, pp 314).

Humerus, Radius, Ulana (arms): To support your wrist and fingers when hitting the ball, it also provides power when hitting the ball.

order as the wind up, the set, the shot, and the follow through. We also examined the athlete’s

Once the ball is fielded, the athlete will jump forward off of their right leg if they a right handed thrower to continue their momentum towards the target. The important parts of this stage are fielding the ball cleanly and continuing all of their momentum forward. These are the two things coaches and players are really looking to accomplish. The momentum will be talked about later in the paper as it is one of the important biomechanical concepts incorporated in this movement. In this stage, the athlete will field the ball with their glove positioned directly under their shoulder with the webbing of the glove on the ground. This is to make sure the ball rolls into the glove and not under it. The athlete is flexed at both the hips, knees and spine to accomplish getting the glove on the ground. With the hips being flexed, this means the athlete’s pelvis will be anteriorly rotated. The right ankle will be dorsiflexed and the left ankle will be plantarflexed so the athlete can continue his momentum forward to get power on his throw. The glove hand wrist is neither flexed or extended but in a neutral position. The fingers of the glove are extended though in order to open up the webbing of the glove and trap the ball inside. The forearm is supinated to allow for the webbing to be opened towards where the ball is coming from. The athlete’s elbow is extended and their shoulder is flexed on

Shoulder flexion/extension; Elbow flexion and extension; Use of the lower and upper back. Muscles involved include the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, trapezius, deltoids and the pectorals.

2.     The other arm directly to the side of your shooting arm with a slight bend.

The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.

     These directions are for a right-handed player. A left-handed player would use the same technique, but for each

is physical). What caused the arm to throw the baseball? The muscles in the arm

The authors conducted this study to see how and when this ability in humans evolved by studying the mechanics used in throwing. They compared the mechanics of throwing of humans to that of chimpanzees. The authors said that previous studies found that the internal rotator muscles are responsible fort the power of the human throw. The investigators hypothesize that the elastic energy storage is the important source for this power. They also stated that other features of the human shoulder are important in storing this energy and

1)There are three different types of muscles used while bumping a volleyball such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee muscles. The joint used in the shoulder muscle is the shoulder girdle and the action you can do is elevation. When bumping a volleyball, the agonist muscles used are the upper trapezius, rhomboids, and levator scapulae. While the antagonist muscles are latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, and trapezius. The bones used are the humerus, scapula, and clavicle. The deep muscle group that moves the shoulder are the rotator cuff muscles and tendons. They control our ability to raise our arm from our side (abduction).