Biomedical Risk Factors

Smoking is recognised as the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia. It is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, renal disease and eye disease. Tobacco contains the powerfully addictive stimulant nicotine, which can make smoking a regular and long-term habit that is not easy to quit (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Statistics show

Tobacco use also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, whether it being smoking or chewing tobacco. The risk is particularly higher if the person started smoking at a young age, smokes heavily and/or if the person is a woman. No matter how long that person has been smoking for, stopping can make a major difference when it comes to cardiovascular diseases. Physical inactivity is also a modifiable risk factor, obesity is a big problem in many countries and it increases the risk of heart diseases by 50%. Obesity also leads people to diabetes, which is also a risk. 31% or coronary heart diseases and 11% of the strokes worldwide are due to a high diet in fats, this is a big deal in certain countries because high diets in fats are seen everywhere. Another factor is being poor. It is normal that low income will make people's lives lean towards a stressful one, one where there is social anxiety, isolation and depression, which are all reasons why a person can get cardiovascular diseases. When someone abuses alcohol, drinking more than two drinks a day, it increases their risks as well. There are a few other modifiable risk factors, such as taking certain medications.

In the study, 787 smokers in Massachusetts were tracked after they quit smoking for five years. During that time, they answered three surveys about their smoking use. With each survey, an

Some of the risk factors for heart disease are smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, inactivity, stress, and type A personality. Are these risk factors necessary causes, sufficient causes, or component causes?

in order to sustain a healthier life style. This essay seeks to illustrate the impact of smoking on a

There are other risk factors that affect a person’s chances of developing coronary artery disease such as obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, lack of regular exercise, high-fat diet, and emotional stress. These other risk factors are preventable and can be changed with daily exercise, eating healthy options, and making healthy daily choices for your heart and body.

Risk factors have been generally characterized as those attributes, variables, or dangers that, if existing for a given person, make it more probable that this person, instead of someone chosen from the over-all populace, will develop a disorder. Although a large

This essay is aimed to explore, analyse and discuss smoking in adults. Smoking is a public health issue as such is one of the major contributors to high mortality and ill-health in the adults which is preventable (Health and Excellence Care (NICE) (2012). The United Kingdom (UK) is known to have the highest number of people with a history of smoking among people with low socio-economic status (Scriven and Garman, 2006; Goddard and Green, 2005). Smoking is considered a serious epidemic in the UK and the National institute for Health and Excellence Care (NICE, 2012) stated that 28% of adults with low economic status are tobacco smokers compared with 13% of those with economic status or having professional

5. Heart Disease and Stroke- Through prevention, discovery and treatment of risk factors for heart disease increases cardiovascular health and improve the quality of life. Risk factors leading to heart disease and strokes are changes in the heart and blood vessels. Education in healthy foods, diets and exercise can decrease a potential heart attack or stroke. (Healthy People, n.d.).

Risk factors basically increase an individual probability of forming cancer. Cancer is not cause by risk factors directly; however risk factors usually play a role in the growth of the cancer. There are individuals who have many risk factors, but may not ever come across cancer. Then you have those with no risk factors that form cancer. Regardless, knowing your risk factors can be important in your life and your lifestyle. Talking with a primary care physician can help in making better health choices.

In the community assessment of San Fernando valley part, A, it was mentioned that there are many chronic illnesses such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes and obesity that are caused by poor health management, high cost of healthcare and inadequate knowledge of the disease. One factor that could cause these chronic diseases is the Tobacco usage among adults. According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017), Smoking may cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes and COPD which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Have there been times when you needed health care but did not have access to it?

While some risk factors cannot be changed, it is important to know realize that you do have control of others. By making changes to your lifestyle, you can reduce your risk of heart disease. These types of risk factors include things like smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and high LDL or “bad” cholesterol. These changes may be done gradually. They don’t have to be done all at once. The key is to simply make healthy changes. (“Risk Factors for Heart Disease”)

Relative risk is used when considering medical clearance, exercise testing, and level of supervision required before allowing someone to begin an exercise program independently. Classification is determined by the total number of positive CVD risk factors one associates with. Based on the presence or absence of known cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic diseases as well as the total number of CVD risk factors, a flow chart can show a patient what risk classification they fall under. High risk covers those with the aforementioned diseases, or showing signs/symptoms of them. Low to moderate risk patients do not have any of these nor are they exemplifying signs or symptoms. However, moderate risk patients have two or more CVD risk factors while

Concerning risk factors and protective factors, there are few that have been major in my life. First, I have supportive, loving, and generous parents. My parents have been excellent teachers and providers since birth. To this day they support me financially and are always available to hear me vent and offer advice. In each stage of development, I believe my parents have been protective factors. Another protective factor that has been with me the majority of my life has been my positive disposition. I had poor digestive health as an infant, but in times of good health my parents report that I was a “happy baby”. Growing up I was full of laughter and was welcome into new friend groups with ease. I feel negative emotions like everyone else and have struggled with feelings of anxiety and depression, but I still try to remain positive and upbeat. This has been a protective factor as it has left a good impression on peers and superiors alike, and I feel I come off as trustworthy and kind. The two big risk factors in my life are family relations and family history of alcoholism. Although my parents have been important protective factors, there are aspects of my family life that have contributed to it being a risk factor. When I was younger my parents constantly argued which led me to have insecurities and self doubt. I remember wondering if their fighting was somehow my fault, and when they got a divorce I started partaking in risky drinking. Familial alcoholism is the second risk